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Write a note on semaphores
A semaphore is a tool meant for synchronizing multiple processes trying to access a shared variable. That is a semaphore is used to deal with the critical section problem or in other words to evade the race condition. A semaphore S is in fact an integer variable that apart from initialization is accessed only through two standard atomic operations:
*Wait and signal.
The traditional definition of wait in pseudo code is:
wait (S) {
while (S<=0)
; // no-op
S--;
}
The traditional definition of signal in pseudo code is:
signal (S) {
S++;
For each process P,
do {
WAIT
Critical Section
SIGNALS
} while (1);
A semaphore is able to be defined as:
typedef struct {
int value;
struct process *L;
} semphore;
Once more, the wait semaphore operation can be defined as:
void wait (semaphore S) {
S.value--;
if (S.value < 0) {
add this process to S.L;
block();
As well, the signal semaphore operation is able to be defined as:
void signal( semaphore S) {
S.value++;
if (S.value <= 0) {
remove a process P from S.L;
wakeup(P);
Define the TlsFree(TLSIndex) Function This function should be called to free a TLSindex allocated by TlsAlloc. It would be executed when there are no more threads in a process
EXPLAIN MULTITASKING IN DETAIL
Define UFD and MFD. In the two-level directory structure, every user has her own user file directory (UFD). Every UFD has a similar structure, but lists only the files of a one
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Entry-sequenced file organization The records in an entry-sequenced file are store up in the order they are written into the file. New records are for all time appended to
explain function of computer operating system?
Which are the different states of a process? Different status of a process is: New: When the process is created. Running: When instructions are executed. Wait
Question 1 Explain with diagram all possible states a process visits during the course of its execution Question 2 Discuss Inter-process Communication. What is critical-secti
Explain the Types of System Calls The major types of system calls are like this: a. Process Control: These types of system calls are employed to control the processes.
Write a Perl script assignGrades.pl to assign letter grades to the students.
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