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Q. What is Single Program Multiple Data?
A general style of writing data parallel programs for MIMD computers is SPMD (single program, multiple data) means all processors execute same program however every processor operates on a separate part of problem data. It's easier to program than true MIMD however more flexible than SIMD. Though most parallel computers today are MIMD architecturally they are generally programmed in SPMD style. In this style though there is not any central controller the worker nodes carry on doing basically the same thing at effectively same time. Rather than central copies of control variables stored on control processor of a SIMD computer, control variables (iteration counts and so on) are generally stored in a replicated fashion across MIMD nodes. Every node has its own local copy of these global control variables however each node updates them in an identical way. There are no centrally issued parallel instructions however communications generally occur in well-defined collective phases. These data exchanges happen in a prefixed manner which implicitly or explicitly synchronizes the peer nodes. The condition is something such as an orchestra without a conductor. There is no central control however every particular plays from the same script. The group as a complete stays in lockstep. This loosely synchronous style has a number of similarities to Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model of computing introduced by theorist Les Valiant in early 1990's. The limited pattern of the collective synchronization is easier to deal with than complex synchronisation problems of a general concurrent programming.
Q. Explain working of Counters? A counter is a register that goes through a predetermined sequence of states when clock pulse is applied. In principle value of counters is incr
What is Locking? When two users at the same time attempt to access the similar data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism
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Explain the Optimization of data access paths Optimization is a very significant aspect of any design. The designer must do the followings for optimization: i) Add redundan
Q. Options with DIR in DOS? You can use a number of options with DIR. To get the list of files from any other drive, denote the drive name followed by ':' with DIR. For exam
Suppressing the number signs (+/-) is carried out using the addition NO-SIGNS to the Write statement. Statement is false.
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The search-based tools initially identify the problem and after that appropriately give advice on how to correct it. AT Expert from Cray Research is one of the tools being used
How many two input AND gates and two input OR gates are required to realize Y = BD+CE+AB ? Ans. Here three product terms, therefore three AND gates of two inputs are needed.
What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous updates? A program asks the system to perform a particular task, and then either waits or doesn't wait for the task
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