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What is De-normalization?
De-normalization is the method of attempting to optimize the performance of a database by adding redundant data. It is sometimes essential because current DBMSs execute the relational model poorly. A true relational DBMS would allow for a fully normalized database at the logical level, whereas providing physical storage of data that is tuned for high performance. De-normalization is a method to move from higher to lower normal forms of database modeling in order to speed up database access.
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
What is Outer join? They can be employed while we want to keep all the tuples in R, or all those in S or all those in both relations in the result of the JOIN in spite of of w
What is system log? What are the entries? Ans: The system log that is generally written on stable storage contains the redundant data required to recover from volatile
Explain the Fundamental concepts of object-orientation Software developers, data base administrators (DBAs) need to be familiar with fundamental concepts of object-orientation.
Describe different steps of the object-oriented design process. The broad steps of the object-oriented design process are: a. Define context and modes of use of the system
The Database administrator (DBA) uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle, beginning from the data gathering phase to the design, execution and maintenance p
Compute the closure (F+) for the following set of the functional dependencies defined on R(a,b,c,d), where F - {c→ a, ab → d, a → b, d → c}, i.e. what are all of the FDs implied b
Software failures : In such cases, a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction (or all transactions), therefore leading to losing the state of pr
Selective replication: This is a combination of generating small fragments of relation and replicating them rather than a entire relation. The data should be fragmented on require
What are the advantages of using a DBMS? The benefits of using a DBMS are a) Controlling redundancy b) Restricting unauthorized access c) Giving multiple user interfac
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