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What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records?
Variable-length records arise in a database in various ways:
(i)Storage of multiple items in a file. (ii)Record types allowing variable field size (iii)Record types allowing repeating fieldsVarious ways of storing variable length records:
(i) In fixed form through allocating every record, maximum amount of space in which can be occupied a record and padding smaller sized records along with nulls. (ii) Special separator characters among the records to delineate variable length records.
Economics: It is now usually accepted that it costs less to make a system of smaller computers with the equivalent power of a one large computer. It is more cost-effective to get s
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
Multi-list file Organisation Multi-list file organisation is a multi-index linked file organisation. A linked file organisation is a logical organisation where physical orderin
Consider the E/R schema with weak entity sets shown below. Come up with the SQL CREATE TABLE statements (with appropriate primary key, unique and foreign key constraints). Include
discuss the purpose of the concurrency control?
Type of views : Simple views and Difficult Views Feature Simple Views Complex Views Number of tables One
Data Manipulation Language Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case comm
case study
A Structure of a dependency diagram
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