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What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records?
Variable-length records arise in a database in various ways:
(i)Storage of multiple items in a file. (ii)Record types allowing variable field size (iii)Record types allowing repeating fieldsVarious ways of storing variable length records:
(i) In fixed form through allocating every record, maximum amount of space in which can be occupied a record and padding smaller sized records along with nulls. (ii) Special separator characters among the records to delineate variable length records.
Write a short note on built in function in QBE? Built in function in QBE: QBE involves various built in functions like AVG, MAX,MIN,SUM and CNT. We must prefix these operator
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Why 'AS' clause is used in SQL ? 'As' clause is used for Rename operation. ‘AS' clause is used in SQL for rename operation. (e.g., SELECT ENO AS EMPLOYEE_NO FROM EMP)
Explain Clustering file organization (i) Determine if a record of file is physically ordered on a nonkey field - that does not comprise a different value for each record - that
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Problem: (a) Data mining is one of the best ways to analyse data and using software techniques, hidden and unexpected patterns and relationships in sets of data can be extrac
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
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