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What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records?
Variable-length records arise in a database in various ways:
(i)Storage of multiple items in a file. (ii)Record types allowing variable field size (iii)Record types allowing repeating fieldsVarious ways of storing variable length records:
(i) In fixed form through allocating every record, maximum amount of space in which can be occupied a record and padding smaller sized records along with nulls. (ii) Special separator characters among the records to delineate variable length records.
What is normalization? It is a method of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to attain the properties (1).Minim
Domain Constraint It shows that each attribute in a relation has to contain an atomic value only from the corresponding domains. The data types associated with commercial RDBMS
Write a query to define tables students and teachers as sub tables of people? Create table students of student under people Create table teachers of teacher under people
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
1. A company wants a report containing a breakdown of payroll by department. Input, which should be stored in 3 parallel arrays, includes each employee's department number, hourly
Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
a set of possible data value of an attribute is called??
A database is to be constructed to remain track of the teams and games of a sport league. A team has a number of players, not all of whom participate in every game. It is desired
Differentiate between various levels of data abstraction? Data Abstraction - Abstraction is the procedure to hide the irrelevant things from the users and represent the rele
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