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What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records?
Variable-length records arise in a database in various ways:
(i)Storage of multiple items in a file. (ii)Record types allowing variable field size (iii)Record types allowing repeating fieldsVarious ways of storing variable length records:
(i) In fixed form through allocating every record, maximum amount of space in which can be occupied a record and padding smaller sized records along with nulls. (ii) Special separator characters among the records to delineate variable length records.
Define Cascading rollback The phenomenon where a single transaction failure leads to a series of transaction rollbacks is known as Cascading rollback.
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
Serialisable Schedules: If the processes of two transactions conflict with each other, how to verify that no concurrency related problems have happened? For this, serialisability t
Explain Two phase locking protocol A transaction is consider as to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations precede the first unlock operation in the tra
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? HAVING CLAUSE - HAVING CLAUSE is used only with SELECT statement. - It is normally used in a GROUP BY
why older data models are being replaced by new data models.
Create an index for the table Client, field CLIENT_NO of Q ? Command: CREATE INDEX client_client_no ON client(client_no);
In which form of relational database developer refers to a record? In a tuple form of relational database developer refers to a record.
In a Hierarchical model of data records are organized ? In the hierarchical model of data records are organized as Tree structure.
define lock conversion
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