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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
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vertical fragmentation
Difference between LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN In left outer join tuples from the left-hand-side relation which do not match any tuple in the right-hand-side relation
task upload
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
Part 1: Security Plan Consider the Case study and identify 3 security requirements. For each of these security requirements: • Discuss the necessity for the feature and how
Write a Query that uses the UNION Operator 1. Use the Software Experts database to: a. Display the first and the last name of all consultants who worked on any projects f
A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type. Example: For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty,
What is serializability? Explain its types? The data base system must control concurrent implementation of transactions, to ensure that the data base state remains consistent.
Describe log based recovery The most usably structure for recording data base modification is the LOG the log is a sequence of log records recording all the update activities i
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