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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
What is a foreign key, and what is it used for? A foreign key is used to establish relationships between relations in the relational model. Technically, a foreign key is a colu
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
examples of fields in a database
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Which is a legal expression in SQL? SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE is a legal expression in SQL.
need requirement analysis for database management of stock market
Define Radix conversion method One clever way to transform binary numbers to BCD notation (binary-coded decimal) is the "double dabble algorithm". It can be adapted to transfo
Describe Object Relational model ? Object Relational Model - This model combines the characteristics of both relational model and object oriented model. It extends the tradit
in case of functional dependencies how we get the higher normal form.
what are the topics in data management
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