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What is a recovery scheme?
An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Hot Backup: Some sites cannot terminate the database while creating a backup copy of the files. The cold backup is not a reliable option. So different kinds of backing up database
Authorisation Authorisation is the culmination of the administrative policies of the organisation. As the name shows, authorisation is a set of rules that can be used to verif
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
explain participation constraints with examples
What do you understand by RAID? Explain RAID Level 4 and Level5? RAID - It is stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (as named by the inventor), or alternatively Re
entity relationship diagram about finance
Lack of standards and experience: The lack of standards has considerably limited the potential of distributed DBMSs. As well, there are no tools or methodologies to help users cha
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