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What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation?
Atomicity: Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete transactions. DBMS ensures this by undoing the actions of incomplete transactions.
Aggregation: A concept which is used to model a relationship among a collection of entities and relationships. It is used when we require to express a relationship between relationships.
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
What is Management System? A management system is a set of rules and process which help us to create organize and manipulate the database. It also helps us to add, change delet
Give short note on the following terms:Dirty pages and ETL a.) Dirty pages. These are buffer pages which comprise modifications which haven't been written to disk. b.
What are the three data anomalies that are likely to occur as a result of data redundancy? Can data redundancy be completely eliminated in database approach? Why or why not? A
I need some help with my normalization database homework.
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
#question.what is mapping constraints and types?.
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
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