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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
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HOW TO SOLVE THE LP Problems by simplex method?z=x1+-3x2+2x3
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
What are the key features of Oracle? Key features of Oracle are as follows: • Read Consistency • Concurrency • Locking Mechanisms • Quiesce Database • RAC • Portability
Define Hash files organization a. Hashing includes computing the address of a data item by calculating a function on the search key value. b. A hash function h is a functi
Explain the shadow paging recovery technique. Ans: Shadow paging is a method used to acquire atomic and durable transactions, and provides the capability to manipulate pages i
If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 ∩R2 is the relation that contains all tuples that are in both the relations In other words,
Waterfall model is the linear model. The process is completed by step by step. We couldn't stop in between of the process. Prototype model: after get the model by low cost budget o
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