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With the linear commit protocol, sites are connected in a chain, and the subtransaction at the left-hand end of the chain initiates the protocol. Propose a crash recovery protocol for a site in the chain. Consider the following three points at which the crash might occur and state in each case (1) how the site determines from its log that it is at that point and (2) what action it takes (beyond standard recovery processing)
(a) The site crashes before the first message from its left-hand neighbor arrives.
(b) The site crashes after sending the first message to its neighbor on the right, but before receiving a message from its neighbor on the right.
(c) The site crashes after sending a message to its neighbor on the left but before receiving the second message from its neighbor on the left.
What are data models? Explain it detail? Entity relationship model Rectangles Ellipse Diamonds Lines Relational model Relational model use a collection
List the internal controls that should be in effect solely because a EDP system is employed, classifing them as (1) Those controls pertaining to input of information and (2) All ot
A View may be defined of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead inferred from one or more underlying base data table. T
example of embedded SQL query
exercise solution
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
What subschema expresses ? A subschema expresses the external view. (External schemas are called also called as subschemas)
Data Redundancy -A lot of information is being repeated in the relation. For instance, the information that MCS-014 is named SSAD is repetitive, address of Rahul is "D- 27, Main ro
Define lock? Lock is the most common used to execute the requirement is to permit a transaction to access a data item only if it is currently holding a lock on that item.
Define multivalued dependency. What do understand by trivial multivalued dependency? Ans: A multivalued dependency is a full constraint among two sets of attributes in a rela
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