Non-threshold  approaches

For  genetic carcinogenes, the  "NOEL-safety factor"  approach  is generally  not considered a suitable method for setting the acceptable intake levels. The consensus is predicted on the anticipated presence of risk at all doses, even the lowest. At this point, two management approaches are available:  (1) to ban the chemical from commercial use, or (2) to establish a  level of risk that  is sufficiently small to be deemed negligible, insignificant or societal acceptable. The implementation of the latter approach has given rise  to quantitative risk  assessment for carcinogens.