Q. Show the Welding processes

The following welding processes are permitted:

Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW) - Do not use SMAW for the root pass of single side groove welds except for carbon steel.

Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW).

Automatic Submerged-Arc Welding (SAW-AU):

a) The flux used shall be "neutral" and shall not contribute alloying elements to the weld.

b) The flux-wire combination used for production welding shall be the same brand name and type as used for procedure qualifications.

c) Maximum weld deposit per pass shall be 12.7 mm (1/2") for carbon steel (P-1) and 10 mm (3/8") for all other materials.

Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) will not be permitted unless otherwise authorised by the OWNER.

Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW) shall be used only in spray transfer mode. Pulse arc is considered spray transfer. Spray transfer mode shall not be used for root pass.

The Short Arc transfer mode is acceptable for carbon steel materials up to and including 3/16 inch (5 mm) thick and for the root pass in carbon steel material of any thickness with the following provisions:

a) Vertical welding is done in the uphill progression.

b) The root pass is back-gouged.

c) GMAW-S is not used on branch connections, o-let, socket type welds, or pipe less than or equal to 3 inches (75 mm) OD.

Plasma-Arc Welding (PAW) for hard surfacing and overlaying.

Welding processes other than those listed above require specific approval by the OWNER and shall not be assumed as acceptable by the Seller during bid preparation.