Viral diseases - avian encephalomyelitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Viral Diseases

Avian encephalomyelitis

This is enterovirus disease of chicken, pheasants, turkeys and Japanese quails caused by the member of the family Picornaviridae. It causes inapparent infection or drops in egg production in adult layer birds, whereas in young chicks, it is responsible for epidemic tremors. There are 15 serotypes of the virus which are enterotopic in nature which differ in their neurotropism and virulence. The morbidity and mortality varies depending on the immune status of the birds.  The disease is transmitted vertically through infected eggs or horizontally by ingestion of contaminated food and water. The virus is resistant to environmental conditions particularly if protected by organic matter.

Symptoms and lesions: In layers, the drop in egg production is very low (5-10%) and of short duration (less than 2 weeks). In breeders there may be a drop in hatchability of about 5%, but there is serious disease in the progeny involving central nervous system. The clinical signs include dullness, ataxia and tremors of the head and neck followed by paralysis, prostration and death. The mortality may reach upto 25%. Unilateral or bilateral blindness or corneal opacity may also be seen. There may not be any gross lesions seen during PM examination. In central nervous system, the inflammatory lesions are noticed in brain and ganglions however, peripheral nerves are not affected.

Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions, virus isolation and identification and detection of viral antigen in brain by fluorescent antibody technique confirm the diagnosis.

Prevention and control: Hatchery biosecurity and general hygienic measures should be followed.


Related Discussions:- Viral diseases - avian encephalomyelitis

Explain the peptones - complex media, Explain the Peptones - Complex Media?...

Explain the Peptones - Complex Media? Peptones are protein hydrolysates obtained by partial digestion of meat, casein, soya meal, gelatin or other protein source. These provide

Hormonal control by insulin, Insulin  is  released  into  the  bloodstream ...

Insulin  is  released  into  the  bloodstream by  the  β  cells  of  the  pancreas  when blood glucose stages are high after feeding and stimulates glycogen synthesis to kept exces

What is juvenile mitral stenosis, Q. What is Juvenile Mitral Stenosis ? ...

Q. What is Juvenile Mitral Stenosis ? Peculiar to developing countries is the problem of juvenile mitral stenosis. Patients with rheumatic fever develop tight mitral stenosis i

What are functions of the epithelium, Q. What are some functions of the epi...

Q. What are some functions of the epithelium? The epithelial tissues can perform protection, covering and impermeability against the environment, for instance, in the skin, res

Density dependent factors - population regulation, Density Dependent Factor...

Density Dependent Factors - Population Regulation The density dependent factors are intrinsic or biotic factors and they depend on interactions between individuals within same

Munch pressure flow model, Munch Pressure Flow Model Munch, a German p...

Munch Pressure Flow Model Munch, a German plant physiologist, proposed in 1930, a simple physical model which can be tested in the laboratory for the mechanism of phloem trans

Explain the types of fats, Jillian and Michael are in their freshman year a...

Jillian and Michael are in their freshman year at college. The two have been friends since grade school and the two of them enjoy getting together for dinner. Michael typically

How are living beings divided into two groups, Q. According to the cellular...

Q. According to the cellular organization how are living beings divided into two groups? Cellular beings are divided into two groups, unicellular beings and the prokaryotes who

Response to cold - responses of plants to stress, Response to Cold - Respon...

Response to Cold - Responses of Plants to Stress Let us first see what happen to a plant when it is exposed to a cold climate with temperatures below 0°C. If the temperature i

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd