QUESTION

(a) Communication flows up, down and across the chain of command. Explain the major differences between vertical and horizontal communication channels.

(b) Identify the communication directions relevant to the following channels:

• Instruction manuals

• Opinion surveys

• Performance evaluations

• Informal conversations

Give reasons for your answer in each of the above.

(c) The world of communication is being taken over by technological developments. Compare written and telephonic communication in terms of their media richness.