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Using NOT NULLBesides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows:acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999;You cannot assign nulls to the variable define as NOT NULL. If you attempt the PL/SQL raises predefined exception VALUE_ERROR. The NOT NULL constraint should be followed by the initialization clause. For e.g. the declaration below is illegal:acct_id INTEGER(5) NOT NULL; -- illegal; not initializedRemember that the subtypes NATURALN and POSITIVEN are predefined as NOT NULL. For illustration, the declarations below are equivalent:emp_count NATURAL NOT NULL := 0;emp_count NATURALN := 0;In the NATURALN and POSITIVEN declarations, the type specifier should be followed by an initialization clause. Or else, you get a compilation error. For e.g. the declaration below is illegal:line_items POSITIVEN; -- illegal; not initialized
Declarations in SQL Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Product-specific Packages The Oracle and different Oracle tools are supplied with the product-specific packages which help you to build the PL/SQL-based applications. For illus
Tautology - Equivalences Rules: If there Tautologies are not all the time as much easy to note as the one above so than we can use these truth tables to be definite that a sta
Varrays versus Nested Tables The Nested tables are differing from varrays in the following ways: 1) Varrays have a maximum size, while nested tables do not. 2) Varrays are
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
THEO R Y OF ETERNITY OF LIFE (PRAYER - 1880) - The theory of eternity of life, also called the steady-state theory , states that life has ever been in existence as at presen
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
How Calls Are Resolved? The figure shows that how the PL/SQL compiler resolves the subprogram calls. When the compiler encounters the procedure or function call, it tries to di
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