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Q. Underwater problems in bridge construction?
The major bridge construction materials are steel and concrete. In the past, stone and brick masonry, with lime mortar as binding agent, have been used extensively for building bridges. Cast iron piles have been used as substructure in many bridges. These materials are prone to different types of failure and, therefore, require different inspection strategies. The major problem in steel bridges is corrosion. Concrete bridges are susceptible to spalling and scour. Bridges built in masonry have the problem of deterioration of brick / stone elements accompanied with loss of mortar. Aquatic environment has significant effects on bridges in addition to those mentioned above. Heavy current is especially destructive. Floods cause damage from rapidly moving water as well as from the impact of large moving debris. The bridge substructure can also get damaged due to accidental man inflicted causes and earthquakes.
Modes of failure • For safe design, a knowledge of the possible modes of failure is also necessary, e.g. failure of the structure could occur due to - Tensile fracture due t
A load of 3000 kN is being taken by a square column footing. Side of the column is 3 m, footing rests on a silty soil with a Poisson's ratio = 0.3. Modulus of elasticity of the soi
Q. What is Diamond Crossing? Diamond Crossing is provided when two tracks cross each other either of the same gauge or of different gauges. It consists of two acute crossing (
Define the Impact Damage - underwater inspection of bridge? Impact from moving vessels or logs carried during the floods can inflict damage to the structure. The impact or coll
1) A building constructed from steelwork requires the following sections to be designed: a. A beam carrying a characteristic permanent load of 11kN/m and a characteristic variable
A cantilever beam is loaded with a concentrated. Force of 5kN at the free end. The length of the cantilever beam is 1m having cross section of 50×50mm. determine the equation for b
Soil Classification: Based on particle size, the soils can be classified as under, adopting the IS soil classification system: 0.002 0.075 0.425 2.36 4.75
State the Loss of prestress Loss of prestress due to elastic shortening definitely occurs in pre-tensioned concrete members. But in post-tensioned members it does not occur if
A granular soil is subjected to a minor principal stress of 200 kN/m 2 . If the angle of internal friction is 30°, verify the inclination of the plane of failure with respect to th
construction of arches
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