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Types of Pavements:
On the basis of structural performance of pavements, there are basically two types of pavements:
(a) Flexible, and
(b) Rigid.
A flexible pavement is a layered system consisting of several courses, the top most being the strongest, the strength of layers gradually diminishing as one travels down to the lower layers. The pavement as a whole has low flexible strength, and the external load is largely transmitted to the sub-grade by the lateral distribution (Figure).
Figure : Action of Flexible Pavement and Layers Forming the Pavement
A rigid pavement, made up of a concrete slab of high strength, derives its capacity to withstand the wheel loads from the flexural strength (beam action) of the slab permitting it to slightly bend and take up the stresses imposed on it (Figure 2).
Figure: Action of rigid pavement
Water Transportation: Water transport, in its various forms, is one of the most efficient forms of transport, because of low fuel consumption, low environmental pollution and
Hoyers long line system pre-tensioning When concrete attains the required strength, jacks are released and tendon wires in-between various units are cut.
Tests on Bitumen: The following tests are conducted on bitumen to find its suitability as a road binder : (a) Penetration test (b) Softening Point test (c) Flash Poi
Determine the Characteristic Load for structure The Load, which has 95 percent probability of not being exceeded during the life of a structure, is considered as characteristic
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