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Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
Data Redundancy -A lot of information is being repeated in the relation. For instance, the information that MCS-014 is named SSAD is repetitive, address of Rahul is "D- 27, Main ro
Define Query by Example QBE is a query language relies upon domain calculus and has two dimensional syntax. The queries are written in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of
explain the level architectures of the database management system
If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 ∩R2 is the relation that contains all tuples that are in both the relations In other words,
For Colorado customers calculate the number of single products ordered. If a product is purchased on multiple orders, it should be counted only single time. The result should conta
Data Manipulation Language Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case comm
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Ans: This includes transforming an initial expression (tree) into an equivalent expression (tree) that is
why shadow copy technique is used?
Consider the two relations given below Given that A is the primary key of R, D is the primary key of S and there is a referential integrity among S.A and R.A, discuss all
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