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The need for three level architecture
The aim of the three level architecture is to divide each user's view of the database from the way the database is physically shown.
Define tuple variable? Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
Single-Valued Dependencies A database is a collection of related information and it is therefore inevitable that some items of information in the database would depend on some
CREATE TABLE prodtrans ( pno number (4) ptype char (1) CHECK (ptype in ('I','R','S')), qty number (5) FOREIGN KEY pno REFERENCES product (pno) ON DELETE CASCADE);
Aggregation Aggregation is stronger form of association. It represents the "has-a" or "part-of" relationship. An aggregation association depicts a complex object which is comp
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
What are the various properties of Relational tables? Relational tables have 6 properties: 1. Each row is unique. 2. Column values are of the same kind. 3. Values are
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Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
what is the need of a log in dbms
Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
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