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Central Nervous System
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular disease. It has been associated with accelerated age related cognitive decline. The most dreaded complication is the occurrence of strokes. The risk of a stroke increases almost 4 fold in a person with a diastolic pressure of 91 to one with 105 mmHg. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) do occur due to extracranial atherosclerosis.
Renal
Hypertension induces microalbuminuria in the early stages. Later on nephrosclerosis sets in leading to renal failure with rise in blood urea and creatinine.
Aorta
The commonest abnormality of the aorta, associated with hypertension is abdominal aneurysms. This can eventually lead on to rupture with fatal results.
Eye
The changes in the eye can be identified and assessed by fundus examination. Keith Wagner classification is the usual method of grading.
Grade I: Narrowing of arteries giving rise to copper wire or silver wire appearance.
Grade II: In addition to copper wire appearance, arterio-venous nipping where the arteries cross the veins.
Grade III : In addition to above, superficial flame shaped and deep dot like haemorrhages and cotton wool exudates.
Grade IV : In addition to all the above, papilloedema.
Zoonotic paramyxoviruses Three zoonotic paramyxoviruses (Hendra, Menangle, and Nipah viruses) emerged during 1994-2004 and all these viruses have a fruit bat reservoir. Humans are
Q. Nematode identity card. How are nematodes characterized according to examples of representing beings, type of symmetry basic morphology, , germ layers and coelom, digestive syst
Kevin and his wife have been trying to have a baby for the past three years. On seeking the help of a fertility specialist, Kevin learned that he has a hereditary form of male ster
In the axon of a nerve cell, A. the voltage-dependent conductance of the voltage-gated potassium channel has a faster time course than the voltage-dependent conductance of the
Q. Nutrient requirement during angina pectoris? The nutrient requirement here is the same as discussed earlier, however, to sum up it can be said that we need to restrict calor
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Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine The disease, first reported from the USA in 1964, is caused by antigenic group 1 mamalian coronavirus, a member of genus Coronavirus of
Q. What do you mean by Subxiphoid Long Axis Sweep? This sweep begins with keeping the transducer at subxiphoid region, positioning directly posterior with marker pointing towar
Q. What are the two major groups into which flowering plants are divided? Angiosperm plants are separated into monocotyledonous (monocots) and dicotyledonous (dicots).
Explain Lyme disease The disease - About 70-80% of patients infected by B. burgdorferi develop the characteristic skin lesion, erythema migrans, which occurs at the site of the
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