Target organ damage, Biology

Assignment Help:

Central Nervous System  

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular disease. It has been associated with accelerated age related cognitive decline. The most dreaded  complication  is the occurrence of  strokes. The risk of a stroke increases almost 4 fold in a person with a diastolic pressure of 91 to one with 105 mmHg. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) do occur due to extracranial atherosclerosis.

Renal

Hypertension induces microalbuminuria in the early stages. Later on nephrosclerosis sets in leading to renal failure with rise in blood urea and creatinine.

Aorta

The commonest abnormality of the aorta, associated with hypertension is abdominal  aneurysms. This can eventually lead on to rupture with fatal results.

Eye

The changes in the eye can be identified and assessed by fundus examination. Keith Wagner classification is the usual method of grading.

Grade I: Narrowing of arteries giving rise to copper wire or silver wire appearance.

Grade II: In addition to copper wire appearance,  arterio-venous nipping where the arteries cross the veins.

Grade III : In addition to above, superficial flame shaped and deep dot like haemorrhages and cotton wool exudates.

Grade IV : In addition to all the above, papilloedema.


Related Discussions:- Target organ damage

What are the four groups of protozoans, What are the four groups of protozo...

What are the four groups of protozoans? The four major groups of protozoans are the sarcodines (that form pseudopods, like amoebae), the mastigophores (flagellated, such as the

What are nymph and imago, What are nymph and imago? Nymphs are larvae o...

What are nymph and imago? Nymphs are larvae of hemimetabolic insects (like grasshoppers). They are very same to the adult insect although smaller. In holometabolic insects (lik

Carbohydrates requirement during myocardial infarction, Q. Carbohydrates re...

Q. Carbohydrates requirement during myocardial infarction? The protein intake generally remains the same as per the RDI i.e. 1.0 gm protein per kg body weight per day. Adequate

Show the process of cell-to-cell communication, On the overall process of c...

On the overall process of cell-to-cell communication within the nervous system, what role does the Ca2+ play in the synapse? A) contributes in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine B)

Possible factors contributing to environmental disasters, 1.      The Combi...

1.      The Combination Of Rapid Industrial Growth, Lack Of Regulations, Inadequate Supervision Of Safety Measures By The Authorities And Lack Of Sufficient Opportunities For The L

Explain techniques for broken instrument removal, Explain Techniques for Br...

Explain Techniques for Broken Instrument Removal Described by Gary Carr Staging platform (cutting in flat surface) a) Create straight line access to separated file using mod

What is endocrine system explain, What is Endocrine System explain ? Th...

What is Endocrine System explain ? The endocrine system consists of glands, organs that secrete hormones. Endocrine glands are tissues that produce secretions within the body,

Explain the postoperative nutritional care, Explain the Postoperative Nutri...

Explain the Postoperative Nutritional Care? The therapeutic goal for the post-operative patient is rapid recovery to normal function and well being, minimum complications and e

Explain about the term accommodation, Explain about the term accommodation....

Explain about the term accommodation. Normally, the human eye focuses at objects at infinity, without exerting any power. This implies that while a person is observing an objec

Explain the conjunctival impression cytology (cic), Explain the Conjunctiva...

Explain the Conjunctival impression Cytology (CIC)? Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method which is suitable for a field survey. By to

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd