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Central Nervous System
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular disease. It has been associated with accelerated age related cognitive decline. The most dreaded complication is the occurrence of strokes. The risk of a stroke increases almost 4 fold in a person with a diastolic pressure of 91 to one with 105 mmHg. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) do occur due to extracranial atherosclerosis.
Renal
Hypertension induces microalbuminuria in the early stages. Later on nephrosclerosis sets in leading to renal failure with rise in blood urea and creatinine.
Aorta
The commonest abnormality of the aorta, associated with hypertension is abdominal aneurysms. This can eventually lead on to rupture with fatal results.
Eye
The changes in the eye can be identified and assessed by fundus examination. Keith Wagner classification is the usual method of grading.
Grade I: Narrowing of arteries giving rise to copper wire or silver wire appearance.
Grade II: In addition to copper wire appearance, arterio-venous nipping where the arteries cross the veins.
Grade III : In addition to above, superficial flame shaped and deep dot like haemorrhages and cotton wool exudates.
Grade IV : In addition to all the above, papilloedema.
Which of the following functional groups does NOT contain a carbonyl? Select one: a. Aldehyde b. Carboxyl c. Phosphate d. Amide e. Organic ester
Explain about colloidal system A colloidal system, on the other hand, is a heterogeneous system. The material that forms the base of the system is called the dispersion medium
Describe the significance of micronucleus. One of two types of dimorphic nuclei found in ciliate protozoans. The single micronucleus contains only one copy of the genome and is
Carrier ions like Na+ facilitate the absorption of substances like: 1. amino acids and glucose 2. glucose and fatty acids 3. fatty acids and glycerol 4. fructose and so
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Smooth muscles These muscles are beyond our control. That means these muscles are controlled by autonomic nervous system. They are non-voluntary muscles. They are found in thin
How Poor Selection of Food causing the Underweight? Poor Selection of Food: Poor selection of food along with irregular eating habits may be responsible for insufficient food
What are ganglia? Ganglia (singular ganglion), or neural ganglia, are structures located outside the central nervous system (for instance, beside the spinal column or near visc
When did life appear on earth? It is estimated that the life on earth emerged about 3.5 billion years ago, thus 1 billion years after the formation of the planet.
Open Pulmonary Valvotomy : Open pulmonary valvotomy by technique of inflow occlusion is done without cardio pulmonary bypass. Surface hypothermia is used and inflow occlusio
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