Target organ damage, Biology

Assignment Help:

Central Nervous System  

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular disease. It has been associated with accelerated age related cognitive decline. The most dreaded  complication  is the occurrence of  strokes. The risk of a stroke increases almost 4 fold in a person with a diastolic pressure of 91 to one with 105 mmHg. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) do occur due to extracranial atherosclerosis.

Renal

Hypertension induces microalbuminuria in the early stages. Later on nephrosclerosis sets in leading to renal failure with rise in blood urea and creatinine.

Aorta

The commonest abnormality of the aorta, associated with hypertension is abdominal  aneurysms. This can eventually lead on to rupture with fatal results.

Eye

The changes in the eye can be identified and assessed by fundus examination. Keith Wagner classification is the usual method of grading.

Grade I: Narrowing of arteries giving rise to copper wire or silver wire appearance.

Grade II: In addition to copper wire appearance,  arterio-venous nipping where the arteries cross the veins.

Grade III : In addition to above, superficial flame shaped and deep dot like haemorrhages and cotton wool exudates.

Grade IV : In addition to all the above, papilloedema.


Related Discussions:- Target organ damage

How do mineral salts participate in enzymatic activity, How do mineral salt...

How do mineral salts participate in enzymatic activity? Many mineral salts are cofactors of enzymes. i.e., they are substances without which enzymes do not work.

How implants increases the magnitude significantly, How implants increases ...

How implants increases the magnitude significantly The patient should be medically fit to undergo the surgery. Placement of one or two implants is equivalent to relatively mino

Explain advantages of using yeast as a source of protein, Organism:- Yeast ...

Organism:- Yeast Advantages Large size, hence separation from the culture medium is easy.  As the pH of the growth is towards acidic side, high amount of lysine is prod

Explain nutrition assessment, Nutrition Assessment The nutritional care...

Nutrition Assessment The nutritional care process, you would realize, begins with nutritional assessment. Nutrition  assessment  is  the  evaluation  of  an individual's nutrit

Define factors that lead to vitamin k deficiency, Define Factors that Lead ...

Define Factors that Lead to Vitamin K Deficiency? The factors that lead to vitamin K deficiency include: 1) Marginal dietary intake if one undergoes trauma and extensive sur

What are some examples of biological activities, What are some examples of ...

What are some examples of biological activities in which osmosis plays an important role? Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) by entrance of water, the hydric regulation

Neuroglia - organisation of nervous system, Neuroglia - Organisation of Ner...

Neuroglia - Organisation of Nervous System We may refer neuroglia as the connective tissue of the nervous system. It involves all elements of the nervous system other than ne

Realization of p-d polarity of limb, Realization of P-D Polarity of Limb ...

Realization of P-D Polarity of Limb Realization of P-D polarity of limb expressed in a specified proximo-distal sequence of differentiation of limb pans is controlled through

Explain understanding the response of farmers, Explain Understanding the re...

Explain Understanding the response of farmers? Understanding the response of the farmers by the government also influences the food production. Government policy influences the

Energy demand for active or moderately active lifestyles, Energy demand for...

Energy demand for Active or moderately active lifestyles? These people have occupations that are not strenuous in terms of energy demands, but involve more energy expenditure t

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd