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Talking to IO boards inside a computer or microcontroller depends upon the principles used by the microprocessor to address physical devices. On Motorola systems all devices connected to the processor local bus are memory mapped. Therefore it is fairly easier to address by means of a pointer the IO device, since it is just like RAM. In the case of Intel devices, the IO is not memory mapped, it is IO mapped. This causes a minor problem is accessing such devices, since the processor has to use IN, OUT commands and the address, therefore a simple pointer will not do. A non-ANSI function exists on PC's called 'portoutb' and 'portinb' these are used to input and output a byte of data (char) to an IO address (int). The syntax depends upon the compiler used by usually consists of outportb(address,data); data = inportb(address); Care should be taken when porting code from an Intel platform to a Motorola platform since these functions are not standard ANSI and will need to converted for the Motorola Platform. Below is shown an example for a 8255 IO board configured at a base address 0x2b4 #include stdio.h #include dos.h void main() { Date: 26th August 1992 Version 1.0 Function : Reads port A and display it on the screen and portb,c Modifications: Non Standard non portable code PC only */ int CardAddress = 0x2b0, BaseAddress, Port_a; int Port_b, Port_c, ControlRegister; unsigned char ControlWord = 0x90, InputValue; BaseAddress = CardAddress + 4; Port_a = BaseAddress; Port_b = BaseAddress + 1; Port_c = BaseAddress + 2; ControlRegister = BaseAddress + 3; ControlWord = 0x90; outportb(ControlRegister, ControlWord); while (1) { InputValue = inportb(Port_a); outportb(Port_b, InputValue); outportb(Port_c, InputValue); printf("Read from A = %x\n", InputValue); } } Despite these additions NON-ANSI functions they are only DOS commands and hence using Windows NT you will need to write a windows driver, for this you will need C++ and a few books on Windows.
explain about symbolic constants with examples
Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous jewels are used in making beautiful necklaces. A necklace consists of various luminous jewels of particular colour. Nec
#Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous jewels are used in making beautiful necklaces. A necklace consists of various luminous jewels of particular colour. Ne
Define F u n c t i o n? T h e r e a r e t w o t y p e s o f f u n ct i o n b u i l t - i n f un ct i o n s a n d u
Define a user-defined data type (struct) called Car to represent a car in the context of a car dealership database. Car must have at least the following characteristics: Make Model
given integer ''n'' and permutation of numbers 1,2,..n-1, c program to print permutation that lexicograghically precedes given input permutation if permutation is least print input
Derived Data Type: Array is derived data type to store large collection of data of only one data type. int mark[100]; char names[25]; Function: will be discussed early
how many types of loops are there and whay are they and what are its uses
WAP TO ACCEPT THE BASIC SALARY OF EMPLOYEES & CALCULATE NET SALARY #include stdio.h> #include conio.h> void main() { float Basi
need an expert programmer to finish coding the requirements from the assignment withen 4 hrs
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