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Talking to IO boards inside a computer or microcontroller depends upon the principles used by the microprocessor to address physical devices. On Motorola systems all devices connected to the processor local bus are memory mapped. Therefore it is fairly easier to address by means of a pointer the IO device, since it is just like RAM. In the case of Intel devices, the IO is not memory mapped, it is IO mapped. This causes a minor problem is accessing such devices, since the processor has to use IN, OUT commands and the address, therefore a simple pointer will not do. A non-ANSI function exists on PC's called 'portoutb' and 'portinb' these are used to input and output a byte of data (char) to an IO address (int). The syntax depends upon the compiler used by usually consists of outportb(address,data); data = inportb(address); Care should be taken when porting code from an Intel platform to a Motorola platform since these functions are not standard ANSI and will need to converted for the Motorola Platform. Below is shown an example for a 8255 IO board configured at a base address 0x2b4 #include stdio.h #include dos.h void main() { Date: 26th August 1992 Version 1.0 Function : Reads port A and display it on the screen and portb,c Modifications: Non Standard non portable code PC only */ int CardAddress = 0x2b0, BaseAddress, Port_a; int Port_b, Port_c, ControlRegister; unsigned char ControlWord = 0x90, InputValue; BaseAddress = CardAddress + 4; Port_a = BaseAddress; Port_b = BaseAddress + 1; Port_c = BaseAddress + 2; ControlRegister = BaseAddress + 3; ControlWord = 0x90; outportb(ControlRegister, ControlWord); while (1) { InputValue = inportb(Port_a); outportb(Port_b, InputValue); outportb(Port_c, InputValue); printf("Read from A = %x\n", InputValue); } } Despite these additions NON-ANSI functions they are only DOS commands and hence using Windows NT you will need to write a windows driver, for this you will need C++ and a few books on Windows.
Can a copy constructor admit an object of the similar class as parameter, rather than reference of the object?
decodethecode
How would you print the values of the variables words and lines so they appear in the form: There were 6040 words and 680 lines. Here, 6040 and 680 represent the values of the two
implementation of the power and factorial in programs
i need expression and its types with example programs in c++
what is classes?
Write a function to determine whether a number is prime: it will return true if the input is prime and false otherwise. Use it to see whether -7 is prime.
algorithm
Array of Objects A class is a template, which can contain data items as well as member functions to operate on the data items. Various objects of the class can also be declared
A constructor that accepts one argument of a dissimilar type.
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