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Talking to IO boards inside a computer or microcontroller depends upon the principles used by the microprocessor to address physical devices. On Motorola systems all devices connected to the processor local bus are memory mapped. Therefore it is fairly easier to address by means of a pointer the IO device, since it is just like RAM. In the case of Intel devices, the IO is not memory mapped, it is IO mapped. This causes a minor problem is accessing such devices, since the processor has to use IN, OUT commands and the address, therefore a simple pointer will not do. A non-ANSI function exists on PC's called 'portoutb' and 'portinb' these are used to input and output a byte of data (char) to an IO address (int). The syntax depends upon the compiler used by usually consists of outportb(address,data); data = inportb(address); Care should be taken when porting code from an Intel platform to a Motorola platform since these functions are not standard ANSI and will need to converted for the Motorola Platform. Below is shown an example for a 8255 IO board configured at a base address 0x2b4 #include stdio.h #include dos.h void main() { Date: 26th August 1992 Version 1.0 Function : Reads port A and display it on the screen and portb,c Modifications: Non Standard non portable code PC only */ int CardAddress = 0x2b0, BaseAddress, Port_a; int Port_b, Port_c, ControlRegister; unsigned char ControlWord = 0x90, InputValue; BaseAddress = CardAddress + 4; Port_a = BaseAddress; Port_b = BaseAddress + 1; Port_c = BaseAddress + 2; ControlRegister = BaseAddress + 3; ControlWord = 0x90; outportb(ControlRegister, ControlWord); while (1) { InputValue = inportb(Port_a); outportb(Port_b, InputValue); outportb(Port_c, InputValue); printf("Read from A = %x\n", InputValue); } } Despite these additions NON-ANSI functions they are only DOS commands and hence using Windows NT you will need to write a windows driver, for this you will need C++ and a few books on Windows.
Why many companies are switching their current business language to PHP? Where PHP basically used? PHP is rapidly gaining popularity and numerous companies are switching their
6999066263304447777077766622337778 -----> message sent by the first smuggler. my name is robert---------> message decoded by the second smuggler. Where ‘0’ denotes the "space".
Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous jewels are used in making beautiful necklaces. A necklace consists of various luminous jewels of particular colour. Nec
Please give me a programming code of first & follow with c or c++ laqnguage .When anyone give me the programming code of first & follow please explain every lines with the help
Suppose that three integer variables intA, intB, and intC have already been defined at the beginning of the main function, write a single C++ statement to read three integers from
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Define Static Storage Class in C Programming? The Static declarations have distinct and important uses. This allows the local variable to keep its previous value when the block
Is there any difficulty with the following : char*a=NULL; char& p = *a;? A: The result is indeterminate. You must never do this. A reference has to always refer to some object.
¦It should ask customers to enter details such as their names and addresses. ¦It should print a welcome message that includes the customer’s name. ¦It should provide a list of avai
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