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Sickle cell anaemia in man is caused by a defective chain of haemoglobin. The abnormal haemoglobin known as MbS differs from natural haemoglobin (HhA) in one amino acid. A substitutional mutation causes the replacement of glutamic acid by valine in the sixth position from the amino terminal end of the Q chain polypeptide. This is because instead of the triplet GAA or GAG which codes for glutarnic acid in normal chains, the abnormal mRNA has GUA or GUG which codes for valine. IdbS in deoxygenated state precipitates out of solution forming elongate crystals. 'The formation of crystals in turn produces a characteristic deformation of RBCs and the cells acquire a crescent or sickle shape, hence the name sickle cell anaemia. The deformation of red cell weakens the red cell membrane and lyses the cells. The loss of red cells and haemoglobin leads to anaemia and this causes oxygen deficiency to the tissues per unit time. Pt, single substitution, more specifically, replacing the thymine by adenine in the second position of the sixth triplet of the P chain gene triggers a variety of responses that affects several aspects of the pfnysiology of the organism. Individuals who are homozygous (HbSiHbS) for the gene usually die early in life. In heterozygotes some proporrion of red cells lyse periodically but this does not cause any serious harm to the individual and in any case the survival is not affected.
Q. Classification of plants and animals? The first and foremost step in the classification of plants and animals is the. grouping together of individual organisms on the basis
What are sori? The word "sori" is the plural form of "sorus". In ferns, a sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In lots of spe
Explain the Failure to Management of Ledge Apical transportation or perforation: movement of the physiological foramen to a new iatrogenic location. Three types of apical tr
Explain Adverse effects of Zidovudine It include anemia, neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, confusion, malaise, myopathy, hepatitis, and hyperpigmentation of or
Define Factors that Affecting the Calcium Absorption? It is a well known fact that the amount of calcium that we eat need not be the amount of calcium that gets absorbed. The d
Explain the Digestion of carbohydrates? You are aware that 60-70% of energy is supplied by the dietary carbohydrates which are primarily present as polysaccharides (starch) fol
discuss the stereo isomerism of monosaccharides
Explain about the Osteomalacia - Deficiency of Vitamin D? It occurs when there is a lack of vitamin D and calcium, in women who have had many pregnancies, who subsist on a meag
Homology indicates similarity between the two different nucleotide or the amino acid sequences, generally with potential evolutionary importance. It is probably better to use more
vasoconstriction
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