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Both DTL and TTL are based on the saturating BJT inverter. The transistor acts as a switch that connects or disconnects the collector and emitter. The switch is closed when sufficient base current is applied to saturate the transistor. While the BJT technologies have dominated during the 1970s, logic families based on MOSFET technology are nowmore widely used because of the advantages of fewer fabrication steps and generally lower power consumption. After PMOS and NMOS technologies, CMOS emerged as the dominant MOS technology and remains so today. Let us consider the simple MOSFET inverter with resistive load shown in Figure (a), quite similar in principle to the BJT inverter, although the circuit is rather impractical, as we shall see later. The load line for RD = 23 k and VDD = 7 V is shown along with the transistor I-V characteristics in Figure (b). On finding vout (= vDS) for different values of vin (= vGS), the voltage-transfer characteristic (vout versus vin) is plotted in Figure (c). By choosing the low range to be 0 to 3 V (i.e., less than the threshold voltage) and the high range to be 5 to 7 V, we can see that any input voltage in the low range gives an output of 7 V (high) and inputs in the high range give outputs in the low range. Thus, the circuit is seen to be an inverter.
Q Find the diameter of a circular waveguide that will have a lower cutoff frequency of 10 GHz and also specify its largest usable frequency.
Q. Illustrate about Transfer Functions? The transfer function is a means by which the dynamic characteristics of devices or systems are described. The transfer function is a ma
Task 1 Use basic circuit theory to convert the "T" circuit below into the equivalent "π". Hint: Remember to disconnect the voltage source and the load. Task 2
(a) Which one of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is most susceptible to noise? Explain your answer. (b) Given the bit pattern 01001110,
1. Introduction : Theory: The voltage measured across a load follows the Ohm's law which says that the current passing through a conductor between two points is direct
Q. An interesting application of the SRFF is as a buffer in overcoming contact bounce in mechanical switches. These switches, of the toggle type, may be used to change the logic st
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Q. If an analog message that has a spectral extent of 15 kHz is sampled at three times the Nyquist rate, determine the sampling rate.
A three-phase, 220-V, 60-Hz, four-pole, wye connected induction motor has a per-phase stator resistance of 0.5 . The following no-load and blocked rotor test data on the motor are
Q. Schematic Diagram of LED based System ? As shown in the two schematic diagrams above, the LEDs in a seven-segment display are not isolated from each other. Rather, eith
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