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Both DTL and TTL are based on the saturating BJT inverter. The transistor acts as a switch that connects or disconnects the collector and emitter. The switch is closed when sufficient base current is applied to saturate the transistor. While the BJT technologies have dominated during the 1970s, logic families based on MOSFET technology are nowmore widely used because of the advantages of fewer fabrication steps and generally lower power consumption. After PMOS and NMOS technologies, CMOS emerged as the dominant MOS technology and remains so today. Let us consider the simple MOSFET inverter with resistive load shown in Figure (a), quite similar in principle to the BJT inverter, although the circuit is rather impractical, as we shall see later. The load line for RD = 23 k and VDD = 7 V is shown along with the transistor I-V characteristics in Figure (b). On finding vout (= vDS) for different values of vin (= vGS), the voltage-transfer characteristic (vout versus vin) is plotted in Figure (c). By choosing the low range to be 0 to 3 V (i.e., less than the threshold voltage) and the high range to be 5 to 7 V, we can see that any input voltage in the low range gives an output of 7 V (high) and inputs in the high range give outputs in the low range. Thus, the circuit is seen to be an inverter.
Q. Consider the circuit shown in Figure. Determine the current in the diode by assuming: (a) The diode is ideal. (b) The diode is to be represented by the model of Figure 7.2
waveform for diode with RLC load
Q. What are the supplementary services? new services are called supplementary services and some of the prominent ones are as below: Category 1: Abbreviateddialling
Q. (a) Consider the capacitor - input filter circuit of Figure and obtain the z-parameters for the circuit. (b) Determine the transfer function V 2 /V 1 when I 2 is zero.
fast decoupled program
Consider a simple zener voltage regulator with the circuit diagram shown in Figure (a). (a) For a small reverse resistance R Z S and V S - R S i out > V Z , show that v ou
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What are tightly coupled systems or closely coupled systems? In a tightly coupled systems the microprocessor (either coprocessor or independent processors) might be share a com
applications of dynamically induced emf
Q. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a R-C coupled amplifier. Advantages · It has excellent frequency response. The gain is constant over the audio frequency ra
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