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As heart failure sets in, there is activation of RAS (Fig 2.1). Adrenergic stimulation of beta-1 receptors in juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys results in release of renin. Another mechanism i.e. responsible for renin release is baroreceptor stimulation in renal vascular bed by reduction of renal blood flow.
Angiotensin II that is released is a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone. It also causes remodeling of cardiac myocytes. Aldosterone retains sodium and has direct effects on myocardium. The result is increased systemic vascular resistance and development of edema. Hence the interruption of this renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has salutary effects as there is reduction in systemic vascular resistance, afterload reduction, mild diuresis and improvement in the cardiac output.
Angiotensin II also has direct role in modifying the structure and function of myocardium.
Explain Changes in Mental Development of Infants? There is evidently an increase in the brain size. There is a rapid increase in the number of brain cells in the first 5-6 mont
Define the Disc Electrophoresis? Disc electrophoresis has improved resolution and strong bands are obtained. It requires a two-gel system and several different buffers. The run
in natural vegetative propagation which structure gives rise to new individuals?
Explain the Role of Lipoprotein ? As discussed in the previous section, serum concentrations of Lp(a) are elevated in South Asians irrespective of their migrant status. Several
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Consider cell with a diploid chromosome number of 4 (2n=4), one pair of the chromosomes is metacentric,the other is acrocentric. The metacentric is labeled a 1 a 1 while the acr
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Q. What is the life cycle of the hookworms? The Adult hookworms within the human intestine release eggs that are eliminated with the human feces. Under the adequate conditions
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