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Relational Algebra - SQL
It describes some operators, that together constitute an algebra that is not only relationally complete but also irreducibly so (very nearly- apart from RENAME, which can be expressed in terms of extension and projection, none of those operators can be discarded without sacrificing completeness). We can use these operators as a basis for testing SQL for relational completeness. If we can show that for every invocation of one of these operators there is an equivalent SQL expression, then we will have shown that SQL is relationally complete. By "equivalent" we mean an expression whose table operands are counterparts of the relation operands (ignoring the ordering that SQL imposes on the columns) and whose result is a table counterpart result, where a table is a counterpart of a relation if and only if it satisfies all of the following conditions:
Create a procedure named STATUS_SHIP_SP that allows a company to employee in the Shipping Department to update the status of an order to add shipping information. The BB_BASKETSTAT
Ending Transactions A good quality programming practice is to commit or roll back every transaction explicitly. Whether you rollback or issue the commit in your PL/SQL program
Use the PLS_INTEGER Datatype When you require to declare an integer variable, use the datatype PLS_INTEGER that is the most efficient numeric type. That is as the PLS_INTEGER
Pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL: Passing Nulls: Assume that you want to pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL statement. For illustration, you may write the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
Anatomy of a Table: Figure shows the terminology used in SQL to refer to parts of the structure of a table. As you can see, SQL has no official terms for its counterpa
This task involves developing some functions that extract data from an SQL database. The scenario is that a company which owns an online vehicle search website wants to generate so
INSERT Statement The INSERT statement adds fresh rows of data to the specified database table or view. Syntax:
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
MERGE and TRUNCATE in SQL SQL has two more table update operators, MERGE and TRUNCATE. MERGE, like INSERT, takes a source table s and uses it to update a target table t. Brief
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