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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
Explain the cartesian product in Database Management System
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
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Derived horizontal fragmentation: Some applications may include a join of two or more relations. If the relations are stored at dissimilar locations, there may be a major overhead
write a short note on participation role? Participation role: roles are indicating in E-R diagram by labelling the lines that connect diamonds to rectangles.
Event Occurrence of a process is called event. In other words, the object can receive many input instructions. The changes which occur due to these instructions are known as e
What are multiple inheritances? Multiple inheritances allow a class to inherit variables and methods from many super classes.
When every condition appears with equality condition (=) only. c) Natural join (denoted by R*S) When two join attributes have the similar name in both relations. (Tha
Concurrency issues Data integrity: Threads accessing same object need to be synchronized, such as: banking account. Deadlock: One or more threads in system are perman
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