Reducing and controlling errors of measurement

• To reduce and control errors for all sources of measurement variation steps can be taken. By applying a numerical connection to the measured data, the systematic errors that contribute to bias can sometimes be handled.

• The measurements made by an instrument are compared to a reference standard of known accuracy in a calibration program. An adjustment is made, if the instrumentation is found to be out of calibration. A calibration program can become complex for these reasons:
• Large number of measuring instruments.
• The necessity for periodic calibration of many instruments.
• The requirement for many reference standards.
• The augmented technological complexity of new instruments.
• The diversity of types of instruments i.e. mechanical, electronic, chemical etc.