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Properties of Nitrophenols:
O-Nitrophenol is a yellow in colour crystalline compound, whereas m- and p-isomers are colourless crystalline compounds.
Isomer ortho meta para
m.pt. (°C) 45 97 114
The lowest melting point of o-isomer is due to intra-molecular hydrogen bonding while meta and para isomers possess intermolecular hydrogen bonding and so, they comprise higher melting points.
They are stronger acids as compared to phenol. The order is:
p-isomer > o-isomer > m-isomer > phenol
while reduced, they form corresponding p-Nitrophenols and aminophenols. o- react along with bromine water to form 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol through transfer of nitro group.
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