Properties of matter, Civil Engineering

Assignment Help:

Properties of Matter:

  • Due to surface tension, the free surface of a liquid behaves like a stretched elastic membrane tending to contract so as to have minimum surface area. It is measured as the force per unit length perpendicular to an imaginary line on the liquid surface.
  • Pressure is defined as the ratio of the force to the area on which it acts. That is : P = F /A

The fluid pressure at a point within a fluid is given as :

P = h ρ g

  • According to the Pascal's law, pressure applied at any point on the surface of a given mass of an enclosed liquid at rest is transmitted over the whole liquid.
  • Archimedes' principle states in which there is an apparent loss in the weight of a body immersed in a liquid (or gas) and this loss of weight is equal to the weight of the liquid (or gas) displaced by it.
  • An ideal fluid is incompressible and its flow is laminar, non-viscous and irrotational. A flow of liquid is of two types. Those are given below:

(i) Streamline motion, and

(ii) Turbulent motion.

  • An equation of continuity is a consequence of the principle of conservation of mass of liquid and for streamline flow of a liquid is

a1 v1 = a2 v2

where a1 and a2 are the areas of two different cross-sections of a tube of flow and v1 and v2 respectively are the velocities of flow through these sections.

  • The Bernoulli's equation is an expression representing the principle of conservation of energy for liquids. It is expressed as:

P/ ρ + gh + v2/2= constant

  • The property by virtue of which a liquid opposes relative motion between its different layers is called viscosity. It is similar to the frictional force experienced by solids in motion.
  • The property of matter to regain its natural shape and size or to oppose any attempt to deform it is called elasticity.
  • The internal restoring force, arising due to an external deforming force applied on a body, and acting per unit area of cross-section of the body is called stress. The stress may be longitudinal, compressional and shearing.
  • Strain is defined as the change in dimension of a body per unit dimension.

Strains are of three types, namely

(i) Linear strain,

(ii) Volume strain, and

(iii) Shearing strain.

  • Hooke's law states that, within elastic limit, the stress is directly proportional to the corresponding strain.

 


Related Discussions:- Properties of matter

Define npdes sampling requirements, Define NPDES Sampling Requirements? ...

Define NPDES Sampling Requirements? The sampling needs under NPDES are given at 40 CFR Part 122, as part of the needs for applying for an NPDES discharge allow. The needs are b

Highway, what is the difference between bitumin and asphalt

what is the difference between bitumin and asphalt

State the effect of the induction of the pre-stresses, State the effect of...

State the effect of the induction of  the pre-stresses The net effect of the induction of  the pre-stresses shall be to decrease the tensile stresses (produced due to the exte

Measure the ultimate settlement due to pumping, A clay stratum of 18 metres...

A clay stratum of 18 metres thickness was found above a sand stratum when a boring was made. The clay was consolidated under the present overburden pressure. The hydrostatic pressu

What is the meaning of untensioned reinforcement, Supplementary or Untensi...

Supplementary or Untensioned Reinforcement It is that reinforcement, provided in prestressed concrete member, which is not provided in a stretched condition like tendons.

Concrete technology, material for formwork and their specifications

material for formwork and their specifications

Mechanism of formation of soil plugs, Question What is main mechanism o...

Question What is main mechanism of formation of soil plugs in marine driven steel piles with reinforced concrete infill? Answer Throughout initial driving process, ope

Define underwater inspection methods - inspection of bridge, Define Underwa...

Define Underwater inspection methods - inspection of bridge? Method for underwater inspection of a bridge depends on type and extent of damage expected, inspection intensity le

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd