Properties of matter, Civil Engineering

Assignment Help:

Properties of Matter:

  • Due to surface tension, the free surface of a liquid behaves like a stretched elastic membrane tending to contract so as to have minimum surface area. It is measured as the force per unit length perpendicular to an imaginary line on the liquid surface.
  • Pressure is defined as the ratio of the force to the area on which it acts. That is : P = F /A

The fluid pressure at a point within a fluid is given as :

P = h ρ g

  • According to the Pascal's law, pressure applied at any point on the surface of a given mass of an enclosed liquid at rest is transmitted over the whole liquid.
  • Archimedes' principle states in which there is an apparent loss in the weight of a body immersed in a liquid (or gas) and this loss of weight is equal to the weight of the liquid (or gas) displaced by it.
  • An ideal fluid is incompressible and its flow is laminar, non-viscous and irrotational. A flow of liquid is of two types. Those are given below:

(i) Streamline motion, and

(ii) Turbulent motion.

  • An equation of continuity is a consequence of the principle of conservation of mass of liquid and for streamline flow of a liquid is

a1 v1 = a2 v2

where a1 and a2 are the areas of two different cross-sections of a tube of flow and v1 and v2 respectively are the velocities of flow through these sections.

  • The Bernoulli's equation is an expression representing the principle of conservation of energy for liquids. It is expressed as:

P/ ρ + gh + v2/2= constant

  • The property by virtue of which a liquid opposes relative motion between its different layers is called viscosity. It is similar to the frictional force experienced by solids in motion.
  • The property of matter to regain its natural shape and size or to oppose any attempt to deform it is called elasticity.
  • The internal restoring force, arising due to an external deforming force applied on a body, and acting per unit area of cross-section of the body is called stress. The stress may be longitudinal, compressional and shearing.
  • Strain is defined as the change in dimension of a body per unit dimension.

Strains are of three types, namely

(i) Linear strain,

(ii) Volume strain, and

(iii) Shearing strain.

  • Hooke's law states that, within elastic limit, the stress is directly proportional to the corresponding strain.

 


Related Discussions:- Properties of matter

Washer – necessary for bolts, Q. Washer – necessary for bolts? 'Fastene...

Q. Washer – necessary for bolts? 'Fastener' is a general term which is used to describe something that is used as a restraint for holding things together or attaching them to o

Surveying, sample problems with solutions for probable value

sample problems with solutions for probable value

Single flemish bond, advantages and disadvantages in single flemish bond

advantages and disadvantages in single flemish bond

Backward and forward curved vanes in pumps, Backward curved vanes vs. forwa...

Backward curved vanes vs. forward curved vanes in pumps  Power of a pump is related to discharge as follows: Power = k 1 Q + (k 2 Q 2 / tan A) Where K 1 and K 2 are

Two way slab, how can i design reinforcement for a two way slab

how can i design reinforcement for a two way slab

Determine about the hard-drawn steel wires, Determine about the Hard-drawn ...

Determine about the Hard-drawn steel wires Hard-drawn steel wires which are indented or crimped are preferred for pre-tensioned members as their bond characteristics are superi

Void ratio and dry density of a soil, Q. Define water content, void ratio ...

Q. Define water content, void ratio and dry density of a soil. If wet density of a soil is 1.9 gm per cm at a moisture content of 24%, what will be its dry density?  Ans. - W

Force system, show the diagram for non coplanar non concurrent force system...

show the diagram for non coplanar non concurrent force system

Reverse and direct circulation drill drilling in piling, Q. Reverse and dir...

Q. Reverse and direct circulation drill drilling in piling? For reverse circulation drilling and direct circulation drilling, major difference in drilling method is connected t

Conditions of pumping performance, Question In conditions of pumping pe...

Question In conditions of pumping performance, how have to engineers determined use of radial flow pumps and axial flow pumps ? Answer Exact speed is usually define

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd