Question

a) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the differences between the Princeton and Harvard microprocessor architectures.

b) Describe why the principle of locality of reference of cache memory drastically enhances the performance of processors.

c) Determine the overall throughput for 51 sequential instructions considering a four-stage pipeline and each instruction goes through fetch (4 nanoseconds), execute (1nanosecond), decode (2 nanoseconds) and write-back (5 nanoseconds) stages?

d) Explian the four main data access methods and provide one example of an entity which accesses data in each method.