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In a raw Itanium, a 'Processor Abstraction Layer' (PAL) is incorporated in system. When it's booted PAL is loaded in the CPU and provides a low-level interface which abstracts a number of instructions in addition provides a mechanism for processor updates distributed by a BIOS update.
At the time of BIOS initialization an additional layer of code 'System Abstraction Layer' (SAL) is loaded which provides a uniform API for implementation specific platform functions.
On top of PAL/SAL interface sits 'Extensible Firmware Interface' (EFI). EFI isn't part of IA-64 architecture however by convention it's needed on all IA-64 systems. It is a simple API for access to logical features of system (display, storage, keyboard etc) combined with a lightweight runtime environment (which is similar to DOS) which allows basic system administration tasks like configuring storage adapters, flashing BIOS and running an OS boot-loader.
Moment OS has been booted; some features of PAL/SAL/EFI stack stay resident in memory and can be accessed by OS to perform low-level tasks which are implementation-dependent on underlying hardware.
It is desirable that operating speed of primary storage of a computer system be as fast as possible since most of the data transfer to and from processing unit is via main memory.
The analog signal needs to be sampled at a minimum sampling rate of: (A) 2fs (B) 1/(2fs) (C) fs/2
The output of a JK flipflop with asynchronous preset and clear inputs is '1'. The output can be changed to '0' with which conditions ? Ans. Through applying J = 1, K = 1 and u
What is Arithmetic and Logic Unit Arithmetic and Logic Unit: The ALU is the 'core' of any processor. It implements all arithmetic operations (addition, multiplication, subtract
(a) Consider a sinusoidal signal m(t) = A cos(2πfmt) applied to a delta modulator with step size Δ. Determine the range of the step size so that slope overload will be avoided. Ass
Find the boolean expression for the logic circuit shown below. Ans. Output of Gate-1 (NAND) = (AB)' Output of Gate-2 (NOR) = (A'+B)' Output of Gate-3 (NOR) = [(AB)' + (
Explain Stored Program Control. Stored Program Control: Modern digital computers utilize the stored programmed idea. Now, a program or a set of instructions to the computer i
An important terminal that is required between DTE and PSTN is (A) Server (B) MODEM (C) Relay
What are the characteristics and features of Client/Server Computing? Several of client/server computing architecture is listed below: a. It comprises a networked webs of sm
Find the Regular Grammar for the following Regular Expression: a(a+b)*(ab*+ba*)b.
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