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In a raw Itanium, a 'Processor Abstraction Layer' (PAL) is incorporated in system. When it's booted PAL is loaded in the CPU and provides a low-level interface which abstracts a number of instructions in addition provides a mechanism for processor updates distributed by a BIOS update.
At the time of BIOS initialization an additional layer of code 'System Abstraction Layer' (SAL) is loaded which provides a uniform API for implementation specific platform functions.
On top of PAL/SAL interface sits 'Extensible Firmware Interface' (EFI). EFI isn't part of IA-64 architecture however by convention it's needed on all IA-64 systems. It is a simple API for access to logical features of system (display, storage, keyboard etc) combined with a lightweight runtime environment (which is similar to DOS) which allows basic system administration tasks like configuring storage adapters, flashing BIOS and running an OS boot-loader.
Moment OS has been booted; some features of PAL/SAL/EFI stack stay resident in memory and can be accessed by OS to perform low-level tasks which are implementation-dependent on underlying hardware.
Write a ‘C’ functions to arrange the elements of an integer array in such a way that all the negative elements are before the positive elements. The array is passed to it as an arg
1's complement representation of decimal number of -17 by using 8 bit representation is ? Ans. (17) 10 = (10001) 2 In 8 bit = 00010001 1's Complement = 11101110
Q. Illustrate Domain Names and Address Resolution? But what if you don't know IP address of the computer you want to connect to? What happens if you need to access a web server
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What are the different ways synchronize between two clock domains? The following section describes clock domain interfacing one of the biggest challenges of system-on-chip (SOC
Ease of Learning - User Friendliness Much has been made recently of increasing sophistication in technology with one of the major benefits advertised as an increase in somethi
Find out how many words can be formed out of the letters of the word DAUGHTER such that (i) The vowels are all time together. (ii) The vowels occupy even places. Ans:
What is the use of status command, data output command, and data input command. A status command is used to test a variety of status conditions in the interface and the periphe
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sovling questions on transition table for sequential circuits
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