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In a raw Itanium, a 'Processor Abstraction Layer' (PAL) is incorporated in system. When it's booted PAL is loaded in the CPU and provides a low-level interface which abstracts a number of instructions in addition provides a mechanism for processor updates distributed by a BIOS update.
At the time of BIOS initialization an additional layer of code 'System Abstraction Layer' (SAL) is loaded which provides a uniform API for implementation specific platform functions.
On top of PAL/SAL interface sits 'Extensible Firmware Interface' (EFI). EFI isn't part of IA-64 architecture however by convention it's needed on all IA-64 systems. It is a simple API for access to logical features of system (display, storage, keyboard etc) combined with a lightweight runtime environment (which is similar to DOS) which allows basic system administration tasks like configuring storage adapters, flashing BIOS and running an OS boot-loader.
Moment OS has been booted; some features of PAL/SAL/EFI stack stay resident in memory and can be accessed by OS to perform low-level tasks which are implementation-dependent on underlying hardware.
The decimal equivalent of Binary number 11010 is ? Ans. 11010 = 1 X 2 4 + 1 X 2 3 + 0 X 2 2 + 1 X 2 1 = 26.
What are SIMM and DIMM? SIMM are Single In-Line Memory Module. DIMM is Dual In-Line Memory Modules. Such modules are an assembly of various memory chips on a separate small boa
Firewalls use one or more of three methods to control traffic flowing in and out of the network: Packet filtering - Packets (small chunks of data) are examined against a s
What is e-brokerage? E-brokerage is an investment house that permits you to buy and sell stocks and get investment information from its Web site.
What are the differences between user level threads and kernel supported threads? A thread, sometimes termed a lightweight process (LWP), is a fundamental unit of CPU utilizati
Internal Path length It is described as the number of node traversed while moving by one particular node to any other node in the tree.
DVD-ROM employs same principle as a CD-ROM for reading and writing. However a smaller wavelength laser beam is used. Total capacity of DVD-ROM is 8.5GB. In double-sided DVD-ROM two
Q. How to load DOS from Floppy Disk? If DOS is not setup on the Hard Disk of your PC, or you want to load DOS from the Floppy disk drive due to any reason, follow these steps:
Load address for the first word of the program is called? Ans. load address origin is known as load address for the first word of the program.
Why WAP gateways are used? The Wireless Application Protocol Gateway is a very unique product giving semi -automatic redirection of HTML documents to WAP compatible mobile phon
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