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Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES:
The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules, you can use the RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma that instructs the compiler to report reads and/or writes to database tables and/or package variables.
Avoiding Deadlocks
In some situations when executing a SQL data definition statement, the outcome is a deadlock.
For illustration, the procedure below causes a deadlock as it attempts to drop itself. To avoid the deadlocks, never try to ALTER or DROP a subprogram or package while you are still using it.
CREATE PROCEDURE calc_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
...
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP PROCEDURE calc_bonus';
-- causes "timeout occur while waiting to the lock object" error
END;
Cursor FOR Loops In most cases that need an explicit cursor, you can simplify the coding by using a cursor FOR loop rather of the OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements. A cursor FO
Using LIMIT For nested tables, that have no maximum size, the LIMIT returns NULL. For varrays, the LIMIT returns the maximum number of elements that a varray can have (that yo
Oracle 11 G new features associated with this release:- Enhanced ILM - Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) has been around for the almost 10 years, but Oracle has made
Using ROLLBACK The ROLLBACK statements end the present transaction and undo any change made during the transaction. The Rolling back is helpful for two reasons. Firstly, if yo
Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The
If two relations R and S are joined, then the non matching tuples of both R and S are ignored in __________________.
Define basic operators of relational algebra with an example each
1- You can check attribute names from each table in DBF11 by running for example: desc dbf11.Member; desc dbf11.Agent; desc dbf11.Producer; Because some attribute names in
LIKE Operator You use the LIKE operator to compare the character value to a pattern. The Case is significant. LIKE returns the Boolean value TRUE when the character patterns mat
Disjunction (OR, ∨) Again we have nine rows instead of just four and again, when unknown is not involved, the rows are as for 2VL. Also, when anything is paired with true, t
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