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Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES:
The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules, you can use the RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma that instructs the compiler to report reads and/or writes to database tables and/or package variables.
Avoiding Deadlocks
In some situations when executing a SQL data definition statement, the outcome is a deadlock.
For illustration, the procedure below causes a deadlock as it attempts to drop itself. To avoid the deadlocks, never try to ALTER or DROP a subprogram or package while you are still using it.
CREATE PROCEDURE calc_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
...
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP PROCEDURE calc_bonus';
-- causes "timeout occur while waiting to the lock object" error
END;
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Use External Routines The PL/SQL is particular for the SQL transaction processing. Therefore, several tasks are more quickly completed in a lower-level language like C that is
Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is the logical opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields TRUE when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected no rows, or the SELECT INTO state
Keyword & Parameter Description: boolean_expression: This is an expression which yields the Boolean value that is TRUE, FALSE, & NULL. character_expression: This
Disjunction (OR, ∨) Again we have nine rows instead of just four and again, when unknown is not involved, the rows are as for 2VL. Also, when anything is paired with true, t
Restriction in SQL Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Boris' The WHERE clause operates on the result of the FROM clause in analogo
What are 3 good practices of modeling and/or implementing data warehouses?
Opening a Cursor Variable The OPEN-FOR statement relates a cursor variable with the multi-row query, executes the query, and then identifies the result set. The syntax for ope
SQL Is a Database Language: The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instea
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