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Special cases of projection
This section describes the identity projection, r {ALL BUT}, and the projection on no attributes, r { }, which yields TABLE_DUM when r is empty, otherwise TABLE_DEE. As we have already seen, the identity projection is represented in SQL by SELECT * FROM t, but SQL does not recognize the existence of column less tables and so SELECT FROM t is not supported.
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
Parameter and Keyword Description: collection_name: This keyword identifies the index-by table, nested table, or varray formerly declared within the present scope. cu
Write a program to implement the inverted file shown in the slides (Simple Index file, LabelID file and Data file). Use the Avail_List to point at the deleted Label IDs so that th
Literals A literal is an explicit numeric, string, character, or Boolean value not represented by an identifier. Numeric literal 147 and the Boolean literal FALSE are some of
Effects of NULL for union - SQL The treatment of NULL in invocations of EXCEPT is as for UNION. This is different from its treatment in those of NOT IN and quantified compari
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
EXCEPTION_INIT Pragma The pragma EXCEPTION_INIT relates an exception name with an Oracle error number. Which allow you to refer to any internal exception by the name and to wri
ROWID The ROWID returns the rowid (binary address) of a row in the database table. You can use the variables of the type UROWID to store rowids in a readable format. In the il
ROWNUM The ROWNUM returns a number representing the order in which a row was selected from the table. The first row selected has a ROWNUM of 1; the second row has a ROWNUM of
What Is a Collection The collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for e.g. the grades for a class of students). Each element has a unique subscript whic
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