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CURRENTLY, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is emerging as the preferred modulation technique in modern high data rate broadband wireless mobile communication systems. In OFDM, the entire spectrum is divided into subcarriers which are narrow-banded with respec to the coherence bandwidth of the channel. This provides resistance against frequency-selectivity of the channel for wideband data transmission. However, the well known problem in OFDM system is its vulnerability to the frequency offset errors causedby oscillator inaccuracies or the Doppler frequency shift due to mobility. In high mobility scenarios, the orthogonality of the subcarriers is no longer maintained that results in inter-carrier interference (ICI). Hence, the transmission performance of the mobile OFDM system is degraded severely.
ICI cancellation techniques are essential in improving the per formance of OFDM system in an environment which induces frequency offset error. A lot of ICI mitigation methods have been extensively investigated to combat the ICI, including fre- quency-domain equalization, time-domain windowing and the self-cancellation schemes, frequency offset estimation and tracking techniques and so on. Among the methods, the ICI self-cancellation method is a simple way to suppress ICI that uses redundant modulation. Several selfcancellation methods have been exploited, including data conversion, data conjugate and symmetric data-conversion/conjugate methods. Windowing methods reduce the SNR but they need redundant information. That is, the performances of the windowing methods and self-cancellation methods degrade signi?cantly with the increase of frequency offset. Besides, maximum likelihood estimation and extended Kalman
Q. (a) An audio amplifier with R i = 10 k, R o = 0, and ¯A(ω), as shown in Figure (a), is used in the circuit shown in Figure with R S = 1 k,R L = 16 , and C = 0.2 µF. Sk
Define real time operating system. Real time operating system (RTOS): The real operating system is an operating system used in embedded applications which performs tasks in a
Aim: The aim of this practical is to work with multiplexed 7-segment displays and implement a counter and display the 7- segment on the PIC trainer. Equipment: PIC
Q. What do you mean by Mantissa? The mantissa , as well known as the significand , represents the precision bits of the number. It is composed of an implied leading bit and t
A circuit having of a resistor connected in series with a 0.5µF capacitor and has a time constant of 12 ms. Verify: (a) The value of the resistor (b) The capacitor voltage
Explain the ASSUME assembler directive with example ASSUME: It will be used to map the segment register names along with memory addresses. The Syntax is as g
Q. What is power gain? Power gain is the ratio of power delivered to the load to power delivered to the amplifier is the power gain. A p =P o /P i =V o I o /V i I s
CRM Triangle The following diagram which is called as CRM Triangle. Strategy refers to the whole stand taken through the company. It could selected a defensive posture in t
I need to do this experiment. Can anyone help me out doing this
A JFET for which V A = 80 V, V P = 4 V, and I DSS = 10 mA has a quiescent drain current of 3 mA when used as a common-source amplifier for which R D = R SS = 1k and R L = 3k
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