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Organic & polymer solar cells are made from thin films (typically 100nm) of organic semiconductor such as polymer and small molecule compounds like poly phenylene vinylene, copper phthalocyanine a blue or green organic pigment and carbon fullerenes. The energy conservation efficiency of data using conductive polymer are low at 4-5% efficiency for the best cells to data. Though, these cells could be helpful in some applications where mechanical flexibility and disposability are significant. The invention of conductive polymer has leaded the development of much cheaper cells which are based on inexpensive plastics. However all organic solar cells made of data suffer from degradation upon exposure to UV light, and hence have lifetimes which are far too short to be viable. The conjugated double bond systems in the polymers, which take the charge, are all the time susceptible to breaking up when radiated with shorter wavelengths. Additionally, most conductive polymer, being highly unsaturated and reactive, are highly sensitive to atmospheric moister and oxidation, making commercial applications difficult.
It is described as the nature of charge potential of charge potential is of two types: (i) Positive potential: with respect to positive charge. (ii)Negative potential: with r
Show that the spectrum of thermal radiation for T ¼ 300K peaks at approximately 10 microns.
A bar of length l is clamped at x=0 and loaded with a mass mat x=l.(a) apply these boundary conditions to equation x=A e^(wt+kx)+Be^(wt- kx) and thereby determine an equation from
Can an electron be obtained (or come out) from the nucleus? Yes, electron having energy higher than the ordinary atomic electron might be come out of the nucleus because of be
In case of dextro rotation we consider angle positive & in case of leavo rotatory we consider negative. But in Maths Rotation to left increases value of angle ( + ve)& towards righ
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State and explain laws of transverse vibrations in stretched strings. Describe how do you verify them using sonometer.
A 10L helium balloon at a pressure of 2 bar at 27C. some O 2 is now in balloon and final volume is made 30L. the pressure also fell to 1 bar at same temperature. the partial press
I need help with the Fb = F2-F1 formula that used in buoyant force
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