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write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
Let us first describe the term relationships. What Are Relationships? A relationship can be defined as: A set of associations or connection, or A rule for communic
How to create values of structured type? Constructor functions are used to make values of structured types. A function with the similar name as a structured type is a construct
The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located
Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
Mention the type of constraints we can specify in the CREATE command of DDL. The type of constraints that can be specified are as follows:- PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOR
Describe relational model? Structure of relational data base Basic structure Database schema Keys Schema diagram Query languages
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
what is Mapping Constraints? with examples
what is view?explain
Timestamp Ordering Protocol A timestamp is a tag that can be attached to any transaction or any data item, which indicates a specific time on which the transaction or data item
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