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Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts.
T9
T10
Value of x old value =
200
UPDATE X
500
READ X
ROLLBACK
?
Here T10 reads a value that is updated by transaction T9 that has been aborted. Therefore T10 has read a value that would never exist in the database and hence the trouble. Here the difficulty is primarily of isolation of transaction.
Define the term- Actors and Data Stores Actors: An actor is the active object which drives data flow graph by producing or consuming values. Actors are attached to inputs a
Describe the benefits of OOD techniques OOD techniques are very useful for development of large and complex systems. It has been noted that large projects that are developed u
What sorts of tables one can se in designing the hierarchy of a LDB? Tables, which are having Foreign Key relations.
Database Errors: An error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either due to inconsistent data or
Convert the following ER - diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram) into a relational database (the primary keys are underlined): 2160_Convert the following ER - diagram into a
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
describe all the tables you have created. ?get table_name, status, num_rows, user_stats in user_tables system view ?get table_name, constraint_name, constraint_type in user_constr
Fragmentation: It is definite as partitioning of a relation into various fragments.Every fragment can be stored at a dissimilar site.
What are the three classes of SQL expression? SQL expression consists of three clauses: Select From Where
Question : (a) Differentiate between database integrity and database security (b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. D
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