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Operators on Tables and Rows
Row Extraction
TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column. For example, when appearing in a suitable context, the expression
(SELECT * FROM COURSE WHERE CourseId = CID ('C1'))
Yields the row denoted by
CAST (ROW ('C1', 'Database') AS
ROW (CourseId CID, Title VARCHAR (100)))
A row subquery whose table operand is empty yields a row in which every field is NULL.
Field Extraction: For extracting a field from a row, using dot qualification.
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
CURRVAL and NEXTVAL The series is a schema object which generates the sequential numbers. Whenever you form a sequence, you can specify its primary value and an increment. T
Question 1 . Compare SQL and PL/SQL Question 2 . Write a database trigger to implement the following check condition Given the following table
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Effects of NULL in Aggregate Operator - SQL Let aggop(x) be an invocation of some aggregate operator aggop in SQL, where x is an expression (usually an open expression) to be
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
SELECT INTO Statement The SELECT INTO statement retrieve data from one or more database tables, and then assigns the selected values to the variables or fields. Syntax:
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Write a program to implement the inverted file shown in the slides (Simple Index file, LabelID file and Data file). Use the Avail_List to point at the deleted Label IDs so that th
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