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This unit dealt along with the methods of physically storing data in the files. The terms fields, records & files were described. The organization types were introduced.
The several file organization techniques were discussed. Sequential File Organization finds employ in application areas where batch processing is more common. Sequential files are simple to employ and can be stored on cheap media. They are appropriate for applications that need direct access to only specific records of the collection. They do not provide sufficient support for interactive applications.
In Direct file organization, there exists a predictable relationship among the key used and to identify a specific record on secondary storage. A direct file has to be stored on a direct access device. Direct files are utilized extensively in application areas where interactive processing is utilized.
An Indexed Sequential file supports both sequential access through key value & direct access to a specific record, given its key value. It is implemented by developing an index on top of a sequential data file that resides on a direct access storage device.
Which are the two standard ways of traversing a graph? i. The depth-first traversal ii. The breadth-first traversal
What is Keyed Access- Container A collection may allow its elements to be accessed by keys. For instance, maps are unstructured containers which allows their elements to be
Data array A has data series from 1,000,000 to 1 with step size 1, which is in perfect decreasing order. Data array B has data series from 1 to 1,000,000, which is in random order.
Q. Define a method for keeping two stacks within a single linear array S in such a way that neither stack overflows until entire array is used and a whole stack is never shifted to
Preconditions assertion A precondition is an assertion which should be true at the initiation of an operation. For instance, a square root operation can't accept a negative a
Double ended queues are implemented along doubly linked lists. A doubly link list can traverse in both of the directions as it contain two pointers namely left pointers and righ
a) Find the shortest paths from r to all other nodes in the digraph G=(V,E) shown below using the Bellman-Ford algorithm (as taught in class). Please show your work, and draw the f
extra key inserted at end of array is called
explanation with algorithm
what do you understand by structured programming?explain with eg. top down and bottem up programming technique
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