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Manipulating Individual ElementsFaraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the operator TABLE. The operand of TABLE is a subquery which returns a single column value for you to manipulate. That the value is the nested table or the varray.In the illustration below, you add a row to the History Department nested table stored in the column courses:BEGININSERT INTOTABLE(SELECT courses FROM department WHERE name = ’History’)VALUES(3340, ’Modern China’, 4);END;In the next illustration, you revise the number of credits for two courses offered by the Psychology Department:DECLAREadjustment INTEGER DEFAULT 1;BEGINUPDATE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’Psychology’)SET credits = credits + adjustmentWHERE course_no IN (2200, 3540);END;In the following illustration, you retrieve the number and the title of a specific course offered by the History Department:DECLAREmy_course_no NUMBER(4);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT course_no, title INTO my_course_no, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’History’)WHERE course_no = 3105;...END;In the next illustration, you delete all 5-credit courses offered by the English Department:BEGINDELETE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’English’)WHERE credits = 5;END;In the following illustration, you recover the title and cost of the Maintenance Department’s fourth project from the varray column projects:DECLAREmy_cost NUMBER(7,2);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT cost, title INTO my_cost, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_id = 50)WHERE project_no = 4;...END;Presently, you cannot reference the individual elements of a varray in an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. And hence, you should use the PL/SQL procedural statements. In the illustration below, the stored procedure add_project inserts a new project into the department’s project list at a given position a shown:CREATE PROCEDURE add_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,new_project IN Project,position IN NUMBER) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;my_projects.EXTEND; -- make room for new project/* Move varray elements forward. */FOR i IN REVERSE position..my_projects.LAST - 1 LOOPmy_projects(i + 1) := my_projects(i);END LOOP;my_projects(position) := new_project; -- add new projectUPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END add_project;The stored procedure updates below for a given project is:CREATE PROCEDURE update_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,proj_no IN NUMBER,new_title IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,new_cost IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;/* Find project, update it, then exit loop immediately. */FOR i IN my_projects.FIRST..my_projects.LAST LOOPIF my_projects(i).project_no = proj_no THENIF new_title IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).title := new_title;END IF;IF new_cost IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).cost := new_cost;END IF;EXIT;END IF;END LOOP;UPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END update_project;
Relational Operators and Logical Operators It prepares the ground for subsequent sections in which each specific relational operator is paired with its logical counterpart, su
Transaction Control The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manip
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
Complete the following steps to create a procedure to calculate the tax on an order. The BB_TAX table contains the states that require taxes to be submitted for Internet sales. If
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
Authorize and fetch data from Instagram Project Description: Incorporate Instagram feed on mobile site platform: c#, ms sql, jquerymobile, jquery Web admin Author
SQL Is a Database Language: The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instea
OUT Mode An OUT parameter returns values to the caller of a subprogram. Within the subprogram, an OUT parameter act like a variable. That means that you can use an OUT formal
Example of Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example: How many students sat each exam WITH C_ER AS (SELECT CourseId, CAST (TABLE (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId, Mark FROM EXAM
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