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Manipulating Individual ElementsFaraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the operator TABLE. The operand of TABLE is a subquery which returns a single column value for you to manipulate. That the value is the nested table or the varray.In the illustration below, you add a row to the History Department nested table stored in the column courses:BEGININSERT INTOTABLE(SELECT courses FROM department WHERE name = ’History’)VALUES(3340, ’Modern China’, 4);END;In the next illustration, you revise the number of credits for two courses offered by the Psychology Department:DECLAREadjustment INTEGER DEFAULT 1;BEGINUPDATE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’Psychology’)SET credits = credits + adjustmentWHERE course_no IN (2200, 3540);END;In the following illustration, you retrieve the number and the title of a specific course offered by the History Department:DECLAREmy_course_no NUMBER(4);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT course_no, title INTO my_course_no, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’History’)WHERE course_no = 3105;...END;In the next illustration, you delete all 5-credit courses offered by the English Department:BEGINDELETE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’English’)WHERE credits = 5;END;In the following illustration, you recover the title and cost of the Maintenance Department’s fourth project from the varray column projects:DECLAREmy_cost NUMBER(7,2);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT cost, title INTO my_cost, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_id = 50)WHERE project_no = 4;...END;Presently, you cannot reference the individual elements of a varray in an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. And hence, you should use the PL/SQL procedural statements. In the illustration below, the stored procedure add_project inserts a new project into the department’s project list at a given position a shown:CREATE PROCEDURE add_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,new_project IN Project,position IN NUMBER) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;my_projects.EXTEND; -- make room for new project/* Move varray elements forward. */FOR i IN REVERSE position..my_projects.LAST - 1 LOOPmy_projects(i + 1) := my_projects(i);END LOOP;my_projects(position) := new_project; -- add new projectUPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END add_project;The stored procedure updates below for a given project is:CREATE PROCEDURE update_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,proj_no IN NUMBER,new_title IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,new_cost IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;/* Find project, update it, then exit loop immediately. */FOR i IN my_projects.FIRST..my_projects.LAST LOOPIF my_projects(i).project_no = proj_no THENIF new_title IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).title := new_title;END IF;IF new_cost IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).cost := new_cost;END IF;EXIT;END IF;END LOOP;UPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END update_project;
Creating a Table Syantax: CREATE TABLE ENROLMENT (StudentId SID, Name VARCHAR (30) NOT NULL, CourseId CID, PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, CourseId)) ; Explan
Albeit simple method : These all the truth tables give us our first as albeit simple method for proving a theorem: where check whether it can be written in propositional logic
Using Subqueries A subquery is a query (typically enclosed by parentheses) that appears within another SQL data manipulation statement. If evaluated, the subquery gives a va
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which labels an executable statement or the PL/SQL block. You can use a GOTO statement to
Assignment Statement: The assignment statement sets the present value of the variable, parameter, field, or element. The statement consists of an assignment target followed by
Cursors The Oracle uses work areas to execute the SQL statements and to store process information. A PL/SQL construct known as the cursor. Let's you assume name a work area and
Write a program to implement the inverted file shown in the slides (Simple Index file, LabelID file and Data file). Use the Avail_List to point at the deleted Label IDs so that th
Existential Quantification - SQL Existential quantification-stating that something is true of at least one object under consideration-can be expressed by OR(r,c), meaning tha
SQLs counterpart of the key words: The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
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