The lithosphere contains all of the hard solid land of the earth crust and the semisolid land underneath the crust. The surface of the lithosphere is very uneven contains high mountain ranges, flat rears and deep valleys, along the ocean flow.

Lithosphere is made of three layers: (a) Core (b) Mantle (c) Earth crust

(a)    Core: Core is in the centre of earth with a thickness of 3900 km. it is again divided into two layers: - (i) Inner core and (ii) outer core. Temperature is about 5000 C. probably, iron and nickel are the two metals present in solid state due to enormous pressure.

(b) Mantle: Mantle is lying between earth crust and core. It is about 2900 km thick. It consists of silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium which are present as thick liquid.

(c)  Earth crust: Earth crust is outermost layer of earth and is about 32 km thick. It consists of loose soil rich in nutrients, oxygen and silicon. Beneath that lies a very thin solid crust of oxygen and silicon.