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Frank H. Knight treated profit as a residual return to uncertainly profit. Obviously knight made a distinction between risk and uncertainly he divided risk into calculable and non-calculable risks. Calculable risks are those whose probability of occurrence can be statistically estimated on the basis of the available data. For example risk due to the fire, theft accidents etc, are calculable and such risks are insurable. There remains however an area of the risk in which the probability of the risk occurrences cannot be calculated. For instance, there may be a certain element of cost which may not be accurately calculable and the strategies of the competitors may not be precisely assessable. The risk elements of such incalculable events are not insurable. The area of the incalculable risk is the area of the uncertainty. It is in the area of uncertainty that business decision making becomes a crucial function of an entrepreneur. If his decisions are proved right by the subsequent events, the entrepreneur makes profit and vice versa. Thus according to the knight profit arises from the decision taken and implemented under the condition of the uncertainty. In his view the profit may arise as a result of decisions concerning k the state of market, decisions which result in the increasing the degree of the monopoly decisions with respect to holding stocks that holding stocks that give rise to windfall gains, and decision taken to introduce new techniques or innovations.
External Debt Problem External debt refers to debt owing by one country to another. External debt is a more serious problem than internal debt because the payment of interest
Demand-pull inflation is when aggregate demand exceeds the value of output (measured in constant prices) at full employment. The excess demand of goods and services cannot be met
The Microeconomic objectives of government These are the policies which are concerned with the allocation and distribution of resources to maximize social welfare. 1. Allo
CLASSIFICATION OF TAXES Taxes can be classified on the basis of: a. Impact of the taxes It means on whom the tax is imposed. On the other hand, incidence of the
what are the Sources of public debt
Profit as rent of ability: one of the most widely known theories of profit was propounded by F.A. Walker. According to him profit is the rent of is the difference between the earn
Suppose that the present level of income in the economy is $700 billion. It is determined that in order to decrease the unemployment rate to the desired level, it will be essential
Equilibrium Income In this model, aggregate desired expenditure has three components: Consumption, Investment and Government Expenditure:
The aim of monopolist is to maximise profit therefore; he would produce that level of output and charge that price which gives him maximum profits. He would be in equilibrium at th
Basic textbook models, such as the Mundell-Fleming model, say that capital inflow happens due to the domestic interest rate being higher than the world interest rate, and therefore
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