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How do we keep track of where the free pieces of memory are? One idea is to maintain a set of linked-lists of free space; each linked-list will store free chunks of some given size (say, one list for chunks of 4 bytes, one for chunks of 8, 16, etc). This approach resembles the best-?t algorithm, since we can easily ?nd the list with chunks of memory that are the closest to what we need; the difference, of course, is that usually the linked lists store not objects of arbitrary size, but only powers of two. Also, we can never coalesce adjacent elements of the lists, or split elements, since then the very idea of segregating by size classes wouldn't make sense anymore. Another possible technique to keep track of free memory is called Big Bag of Pages (BiBOP). In this technique, a bunch of pages, usually segregated by size classes, is maintained such that there is a header on each page; on this header, among other things, we can ?nd a pointer to the next page of objects of that given size, and also a pointer to the ?rst free "slot" inside that page. Using the right optimizations we can make BiBOP ?nd and manage free slots of memory in O(1).
Write a short note on disk structure Modern disk drives are initiate as large one dimensional array of logical blocks where the logical block is the smallest unit of transfer.
Synchronization can be achieved by means other than locks and condition variables. One alternative is semaphores. A semaphore is used to regulate traf?c in a critical section. A se
File System Interface and Implementation The Nachos file system, as distributed, uses a single-level index allocation method for data allocation of files. In the current design,
Question 1: a) Briefly explain each of the following terms: (i) Distributed systems. (ii) Real time systems. (iii) Multiprocessor. b) What is the impo
Explain in detail about ipc in linux
In fixed portioning scheme, what are the advantages of using unequal- size partitions? With unequal-size partitions there are two probable ways to assign process to partitions.
Q. Is disk scheduling except FCFS scheduling useful in a single-user environment? describe your answer. Answer: In a single-user environment the I/O queue typically is empty.
Buffering Messages exchanged by communication processes reside in a impermanent queue. Such a queue can be executed in three ways. Zero capacity: The queue length is 0.
what is process creation and how to create a process
Construct a process tree similar to Figure 1. Look up the Linux command pstree -p and describe what it does. Then type in the command the capture the output.
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