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IRET : Return from ISR:-
When an interrupt service routine is called, before transferring control to it, the IP, CS register and flag registers are stored in the stack to mention the location from where the execution is to be continued, after the ISR is executed. Hence, in the ending of each ISR, when IRET is executed, the values of IP, CS register and flags are retrieved from the stack to continue the execution of the main program. The stack is modified consequently.
LOOP : Loop Unconditionally:-
This instruction executes the part of the program from the address or label mention in the instruction up to the loop instruction, CX number of times. Following sequence describe the execution. On every iteration, register CX is decremented automatically. In other terms, this instruction implements JUMF IF NOT ZERO and DECREMENT COUNTER structure.
The execution proceeds in the sequence, after the loop is executed, CX number of times. Lf CX is already OOH, the execution continues in sequence. Flags are remaining unaffected by this instruction.
I/O interface I/O devices such as displays and keyboards establish communication of computer with outside world. Devices may be interfaced in 2 ways Memory mapped I/O and I/
General Bus Operation The 8086 has a joined data and address bus commonly referred to as a time multiplexed address and data bus. The major reason behind multiplexing address
Pin Description of 8086 The microprocessor 8086 is a 16-bit CPU available in 3 clock rates, for example 5, 8 and 10 MHz, packaged in a40 pin CERDIP or plastic package. The 8
OR: Logical OR: The OR instruction carries out the OR operation in the similar way as described in case of the AND operation. The restriction on source and destination operands ar
Interrupt System Based on Single 8259 A The 8259A is contained in a 28-pin dual-in-line package that need only a + 5-V supply voltage. Its organization is shown in given figur
ORG : Origin:- The ORG directive directs the assembler to begin the memory allotment for the specific segment, code or block from the declared address in the ORG statement. W
Memory Mapped I/O Memory I/O devices are mapped into the system memory map with ROM and RAM. To access a hardware device, simply write or read to those 'special' addresse
Computes the integral square root: Problem: Square Root: For this problem you will write a short assembly program that computes the integral square root of an input numb
relocation
PC Bus and Interrupt System The PC Bus utilized a bus controller, address latches, and data transceivers (bidirectional data buffers). 1) Bus controller : ( Intel 8288 Bus
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