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INTRODUCTION : It took just hundred years for cardiac surgery to advance to what it is today. Before 1896, surgeons considered heart to be "inviolable" and it was stated that operating directly on the pulsating heart can be done but the patient will not survive, In 1896, Ludwig Rehn, a German Surgeon, sutured a wound in the heart caused by stab injury. Discovery of X-ray in 1895 and electrocardiographic recording in 1924, paved the way for the better understanding of diseases of the heart. In 1929, Warner Frossman from Germany did the first right heart catheterization on himself.
Rehn and Sauerbrock from Germany did the first partial pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis (1913). Mitral stenosis was one of the earliest intra cardiac lesions to be treated surgically. Cutler and Levine (1923) using a special knife attached to the finger and Souttar is using digital dilatation were the earliest surgeons to treat mitral stenosis. However, effective closed mitral valvotomy procedures were established by Harken and Bailey in the US and Brock in UK.
Atrio-ventricular Orifices The right and left atrio-ventricular orifices are oval apertures. The openings lie in a plane that is almost vertical with a slight downward inclinati
Q. What is the nature of the stimulus received and transmitted by the neurons? Neurons transmit and receive chemical stimuli through neurotransmitters released in the synapses.
Antibiotic resistance is the resistance conferred to the host the ability to survive a given antibiotic by the plasmids containing resistance genes. If such kind of plasmid is pre
Q. Explain Uristix Benedicts test? No sugar/glucose is excreted in the urine in normal individuals. In diabetics, glucose is excreted by the kidneys when the blood sugar levels
Define Growth and Development of Infants and Preschoolers? In this unit, we learnt about the various aspects related to the growth and development of infants and preschoolers.
What is human eye Accommodation The human eye focuses at objects at infinity, without exerting any power. This means that when a person is observing an object at infinity, the
Directly observed therapy In treating TB, poor adherence to therapy is the most important cause of treatment failure and is associated with emergence of drug resistance. Medica
Apiculture : This is the study of bee-keeping for obtaining wax and honey. Beekeeping is also known as apiculture, it is taken from Latin apis, bee. Apiculture is the maintenance
Determine the function of Osseointegration Osseointegration is also a measure of implant stability, which occurs at two stages- primary and secondary. Primary stability has be
Explain congenital heart disease ? No systematic surveys have been conducted to estimate the incidence of CHD at birth in India and other developing countries. As a result ther
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