Investors use two management strategies to manage their fixed income portfolios. They adopt either active management strategy or passive management strategy.

Active management can be defined as forecasts of returns for assets that are available.

A portfolio manager can minimize the values of the bond portfolio while implementing liability funding methods.

The bond market can be classified into various segments based on the nature of characteristics such as type of issuer, credit risk, coupon level etc.

Yield curve strategies are classified into bullet strategies, barbell strategies and ladder strategies.

Passive management strategy believes in Efficient Market Hypothesis.

Bond indexation serves the purpose of replicating the performance of a predetermined benchmark as closely as possible.

Cash flow matcshing strategy is used to build portfolio wherein the cash flows of the bond portfolio exactly match a stream of liabilities. 

Active bond management depends on an economic scenario in order to forecast the movements of yield curve.