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Increased overheads on update: On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the relation require to be updated at the similar time, resulting in increased overheads. For instance, in a banking system, if account information is replicated at several sites, it is essential that the balance in a particular account should be the similar at all sites.
The problem of controlling concurrent updates by various transactions to replicated data is more difficult than the centralised approach of concurrency control. The management of replicas of relation can be simplified by deciding one of the replicas as the primary copy. For instance, in a banking system, the primary copy of an account may be the site at which the account has been opened. Likewise, in an airline reservation system, the primary copy of the flight may be related with the site at which the flight originates.
These are the binary operations; i.e., each is applied to two relations or sets. These two relations can be union compatible excluding in case of Cartesian product. Two relations R
Data Redundancy -A lot of information is being repeated in the relation. For instance, the information that MCS-014 is named SSAD is repetitive, address of Rahul is "D- 27, Main ro
Define access time. Access time is the time from when a read or write request is issued to when data transfer starts.
what is union compatable?
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What is the function of SQL Server Agent Windows service? - It's a Windows service that handles tasks scheduled within SQL Server environment. These tasks are also known as job
What is the meaning of Data Independence ?
Give an example of multiple inheritance. One example of multiple inheritance is a committee for students affair which include faculty and administrative staff member.
What is OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)? In OLTP - online transaction processing systems relational database design use the discipline of data modeling and generally follo
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
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