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The function of the impellers is to: (i) reduce bubble size thereby increasing the surface area for oxygen transfer, and (ii) maintain a uniform environment, nutrient supply and heat removal. The choice of impellers depends on: (i) type of fermentation and organism, (ii) impeller design, (iii) power input and (iv) mixing efficiency. Some typical impeller designs are shown below.
The ratio of the bioreactor tank:impeller diameter (Di/DT) is normally in the range 0.33 - 0.5. For radial flow impellers the diameter tends to be closer to 0.33 of the tank diameter and for axial mixers the diameter tends to be slightly larger. The location of the impellers is determined by geometric and mixing considerations.
First impeller: 0.33 - 0.5 tank diameter from base
Spacing: 1 - 2 impeller diameters (or 1 tank diameter)
Final impeller: 1 - 2 impeller diameters from the aerated liquid surface
Consequently consideration of the liquid level during the process needs to be taken into account, i.e. broth volume will increase with aeration and volume will increase in a fed-batch process.
Design a hydrocooling unit that can cool fruits and vegetables from 30 to 5 degrees Celsius at a rate of 20,000 kg/hr under the following conditions: The unit will be of flood typ
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(a) Illustrate what do you understand by Steering Gear Mechanism ? Describe any one Steering Gear Mechanism. (b) Write short note on Pantograph.
Determine the carbon content of steel: A hypoeutetoid steel which was cooled slowly from γ-state to room temperature was found to contain 10% eutectoid ferrite. Suppose no cha
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Engine Oil Replacement and top up steps • The engine oil should be changed only when motorcycle has run through the prescribed kilometers. • Change the engine oil every 4000 k
Requiremen t of Temperature Scale: The temperature scale on which temperature of the system can be read is required to assign the numerical values to the thermal state of the
Q. Sewage Treatment? Unless located in a metropolitan area, it is common for plants to have sewage treatment facilities for disposal of sewage and grey water generated in the p
Indicate size, capacity and noise reducing characteristics of all silencers on plans, including silencers for vane-axial fans. Indicate all acoustical lining on drawings, genera
applications of parallelogram
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