Illustrate the example of the Policy Clustering

Countries democratize because of political or economic pressures within their country pressures that exist simultaneously for leaders in other countries. The assumption underlying such explanations is that decision makers operate without regard to the behaviour (perceived or predicted) of other countries. It is essential to map out potential causal paths, whether or not they can be subjected to empirical validation. A second alternative is that clustered policy making is coordinated by a group of nations, a hegemonic power, or an international organization. Examples of this type might include the "horizontal" processes of international collaboration and cooperation or the "vertical" processes such as coercion by important donor countries and international financial institutions.