IA-32 support, Computer Engineering

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In order to support IA-32 Itanium can switch in 32-bit mode with special jump escape instructions. IA-32 instructions have been mapped to Itanium's functional units. But as Itanium is built primarily for speed of its EPIC-style instructions and since it has no out-of-order execution capabilities, IA-32 code executes at a severe performance penalty in comparison to either IA-64 mode or Pentium line of processors. E.g. Itanium functional units don't automatically generate integer flags as a consequence of usual ALU computation and don't intrinsically support numerous outstanding unaligned memory loads. There are also IA-32 software emulators that are freely available for Linux and Windows and these emulators normally outperform hardware-based emulation by around 50%. Windows emulator is available from Microsoft; Linux emulator is available from a number of Linux vendors like Novell and from Intel itself. Given superior performance of software emulator and in spite of fact that IA-32 hardware accounts for less than 1% of transistors of an Itanium 2, Intel plan to remove circuitry from next-generation Itanium 2 chip codenamed 'Montecito'.


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