1. An important feature of the Italian Renaissance was an emphasis on
a. austerity
b. the literature of earlier Greece and Rome
c. the chivalry of the Middle Ages
d. the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas
e. works produced in monasteries (maybe be more descriptive? What kind of works?)

2. The Medici family and the Popes played a significant part in the Renaissance as
a. painters of everyday themes
b. scientists who furthered scientific knowledge
c. rulers and patrons of culture
d. military leaders whose conquests spread the Renaissance to northern Europe
e. writers who made important contributions to Renaissance literature

3 Which was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?
a. emphasis on individuality
b. confidence in reason
c. the emergence of powerful banking families
d. the continuation of art styles from the Middle Ages
e. emulation of classical manuscripts

4. The status of artists rose during the Renaissance because
a. people were looking for a substitute for the clergy
b. their works became status symbols for the upper classes
c. they were drawn more and more from the upper classes, who needed new occupations as warfare declined
d. people felt that artists were channeling God's creativity
e. none of the above

5. What was the principal work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)? a. to expose witches and heretics b. to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Catholic Church throughout the world c. to be soldiers for Jesus in the battle against the Protestants d. to direct the Court of the Inquisition on the behalf of the pope e. to raise money for the Church by selling indulgences

6. Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly aided by a. the printing press b. the enthusiastic support of the clergy in the Catholic church c. local newspapers d. active guilds and artisans e. all of the above

7. In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church a. launched a military campaign against the German states b. abandoned its monasteries in Germany c. abandoned the practice of selling indulgences
d. summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen its spiritual commitment

8. Reasons for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century included
a. the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of superstition and violence
b. unusual natural phenomena, illnesses, and infant deaths suggested supernatural causes
c. desperate people were believed to turn to magic to improve their lives
d. religious beliefs were used to support the belief in witchcraft
e. all of the above

9. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) began when
a. the Pope tried to force his subjects to return to the Catholic Church
b. Elizabeth I attempted to force Protestantism on Spain
c. Charles V attempted to imprison Martin Luther
d. The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism
e. Louis XIV invaded the Low Countries

10. Martin Luther's work gained enthusiastic popular support because a. he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford b. many Christians shared his concern about corruption of the Church c. many German princes saw this as a way to break away from the Church and gain power d. he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into local vernacular e. all of the above